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They use proportional relationships (e.g., speed as the ratio of distance traveled to time taken) to gather information about the magnitude of properties and processes. They represent scientific relationships through the use of algebraic expressions and equations"},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students can understand that systems may interact with other systems; they may have sub-systems and be a part of larger complex systems. They can use models to represent systems and their interactions—such as inputs, processes and outputs—and energy, matter, and information flows within systems. They can also learn that models are limited in that they only represent certain aspects of the system under study."},{"title":"C2 Cause and Effect","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand that empirical evidence is required to differentiate between cause and correlation and to make claims about specific causes and effects. They suggest cause and effect relationships to explain and predict behaviors in complex natural and designed systems. They also propose causal relationships by examining what is known about smaller scale mechanisms within the system. They recognize changes in systems may have various causes that may not have equal effects."},{"title":"C3 Scale Proportion and Quantity","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand the significance of a phenomenon is dependent on the scale, proportion, and quantity at which it occurs. They recognize patterns observable at one scale may not be observable or exist at other scales, and some systems can only be studied indirectly as they are too small, too large, too fast, or too slow to observe directly. Students use orders of magnitude to understand how a model at one scale relates to a model at another scale. They use algebraic thinking to examine scientific data and predict the effect of a change in one variable on another (e.g., linear growth vs. exponential growth)."},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students can investigate or analyze a system by defining its boundaries and initial conditions, as well as its inputs and outputs. They can use models (e.g., physical, mathematical, computer models) to simulate the flow of energy, matter, and interactions within and between systems at different scales. They can also use models and simulations to predict the behavior of a system, and recognize that these predictions have limited precision and reliability due to the assumptions and approximations inherent in the models. They can also design systems to do specific tasks."}],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[{"title":"LS4.D Biodiversity & Humans","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"A range of different organisms lives in different places"},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Things people do can affect the environment but they can make choices to reduce their impacts."},{"title":"ESS3.A Natural Resources","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Living things need water, air, and resources from the land, and they live in places that have the things they need. Humans use natural resources for everything they do."},{"title":"ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth's Processes","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Water is found in many types of places and in different forms on Earth"},{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Wind and water change the shape of the land"},{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Four major Earth systems interact. Rainfall helps to shape the land and affects the types of living things found in a region. Water, ice, wind, organisms, and gravity break rocks, soils, and sediments into smaller pieces and move them around"},{"title":"ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth's Processes","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Most of Earth’s water is in the ocean and much of the Earth’s fresh water is in glaciers or underground."},{"title":"ESS3.A Natural Resources","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Energy and fuels humans use are derived from natural sources and their use affects the environment. Some resources are renewable over time, others are not."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Societal activities have had major effects on the land, ocean, atmosphere, and even outer space. Societal activities can also help protect Earth’s resources and environments."},{"title":"LS2.A Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"The food of almost any animal can be traced back to plants. Organisms are related in food webs in which some animals eat plants for food and other animals eat the animals that eat plants, while decomposers restore some materials back to the soil."},{"title":"LS2.C Ecosystem Dynamics, Functioning and Resilience","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"When the environment changes some organisms survive and reproduce, some move to new locations, some move into the transformed environment, and some die."},{"title":"LS4.B Natural Selection","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Differences in characteristics between individuals of the same species provide advantages in surviving and reproducing."},{"title":"LS4.D Biodiversity & Humans","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Populations of organisms live in a variety of habitats. Change in those habitats affects the organisms living there"},{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Energy flows and matter cycles within and among Earth’s systems, including the sun and Earth’s interior as primary energy sources. Plate tectonics is one result of these processes."},{"title":"ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth's Processes","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Water cycles among land, ocean, and atmosphere, and is propelled by sunlight and gravity. Density variations of sea water drive interconnected ocean currents. Water movement causes weathering and erosion, changing landscape features."},{"title":"ESS3.A Natural Resources","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Humans depend on Earth’s land, ocean, atmosphere, and biosphere for different resources, many of which are limited or not renewable. Resources are distributed unevenly around the planet as a result of past geologic processes"},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Human activities have altered the biosphere, sometimes damaging it, although changes to environments can have different impacts for different living things. Activities and technologies can be engineered to reduce people’s impacts on Earth."},{"title":"LS2.A Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Organisms and populations are dependent on their environmental interactions both with other living things and with nonliving factors, any of which can limit their growth. Competitive, predatory, and mutually beneficial interactions vary across ecosystems but the patterns are shared."},{"title":"LS2.B Cycles of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"The atoms that make up the organisms in an ecosystem are cycled repeatedly between the living and nonliving parts of the ecosystem. Food webs model how matter and energy are transferred among producers, consumers, and decomposers as the three groups interact within an ecosystem."},{"title":"LS2.C Ecosystem Dynamics, Functioning and Resilience","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Ecosystem characteristics vary over time. Disruptions to any part of an ecosystem can lead to shifts in all of its populations. The completeness or integrity of an ecosystem’s biodiversity is often used as a measure of its health."},{"title":"LS4.D Biodiversity & Humans","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Changes in biodiversity can influence humans’ resources and ecosystem services they rely on."},{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Feedback effects exist within and among Earth’s systems.The geological record shows that changes to global and regional climate can be caused by interactions among changes in the sun’s energy output or Earth’s orbit, tectonic events, ocean circulation, volcanic activity, glaciers, vegetation, and human activities."},{"title":"ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth's Processes","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The planet’s dynamics are greatly influenced by water’s unique chemical and physical properties."},{"title":"ESS3.A Natural Resources","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Resource availability has guided the development of human society and use of natural resources has associated costs, risks, and\r\nbenefits."},{"title":"LS2.A Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Ecosystems have carrying capacities resulting from biotic and abiotic factors. The fundamental tension between resource availability and organism populations affects the abundance of species in any given ecosystem."},{"title":"LS2.B Cycles of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Photosynthesis and cellular respiration provide most of the energy for life processes. Only a fraction of matter consumed at the lower level of a food web is transferred up, resulting in fewer organisms at higher levels. At each link in an ecosystem elements are combined in different ways and matter and energy are conserved. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are key components of the global carbon cycle."},{"title":"LS2.C Ecosystem Dynamics, Functioning and Resilience","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"If a biological or physical disturbance to an ecosystem occurs, including one induced by human activity, the ecosystem may return to its more or less original state or become a very different ecosystem, depending on the complex set of interactions within the ecosystem"},{"title":"LS2.D Social interactions and Group Behaviour","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Group behavior has evolved because membership can increase the chances of survival for individuals and their genetic relatives."},{"title":"LS4.D Biodiversity & Humans","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Biodiversity is increased by formation of new species and reduced by extinction. Humans depend on biodiversity but also have adverse impacts on it. 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They recognize classifications or explanations used at one scale may not be useful or need revision using a different scale; thus requiring improved investigations and experiments. They use mathematical representations to identify certain patterns and analyze patterns of performance in order to re-engineer and improve a designed system."},{"title":"C1 Patterns","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students recognize that macroscopic patterns are related to the nature of microscopic and atomic-level structure. They identify patterns in rates of change and other numerical relationships that provide information about natural and human designed systems. They use patterns to identify cause and effect relationships, and use graphs and charts to identify patterns in data."},{"title":"C1 Patterns","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students identify similarities and differences in order to sort and classify natural objects and designed products. They identify patterns related to time, including simple rates of change and cycles, and to use these patterns to make predictions."},{"title":"C2 Cause and Effect","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand that empirical evidence is required to differentiate between cause and correlation and to make claims about specific causes and effects. They suggest cause and effect relationships to explain and predict behaviors in complex natural and designed systems. They also propose causal relationships by examining what is known about smaller scale mechanisms within the system. They recognize changes in systems may have various causes that may not have equal effects."},{"title":"C2 Cause and Effect","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students classify relationships as causal or correlational, and recognize that correlation does not necessarily imply causation. They use cause and effect relationships to predict phenomena in natural or designed systems. 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They can also use models and simulations to predict the behavior of a system, and recognize that these predictions have limited precision and reliability due to the assumptions and approximations inherent in the models. They can also design systems to do specific tasks."},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students can understand that systems may interact with other systems; they may have sub-systems and be a part of larger complex systems. They can use models to represent systems and their interactions—such as inputs, processes and outputs—and energy, matter, and information flows within systems. They can also learn that models are limited in that they only represent certain aspects of the system under study."},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students understand that a system is a group of related parts that make up a whole and can carry out functions its individual parts cannot. They can also describe a system in terms of its components and their interactions."},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand much of science deals with constructing explanations of how things change and how they remain stable. They quantify and model changes in systems over very short or very long periods of time. They see some changes are irreversible, and negative feedback can stabilize a system, while positive feedback can destabilize it. They recognize systems can be designed for greater or lesser stability"},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand much of science deals with constructing explanations of how things change and how they remain stable. They quantify and model changes in systems over very short or very long periods of time. They see some changes are irreversible, and negative feedback can stabilize a system, while positive feedback can destabilize it. They recognize systems can be designed for greater or lesser stability"},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students explain stability and change in natural or designed systems by examining changes over time, and considering forces at different scales, including the atomic scale. Students learn changes in one part of a system might cause large changes in another part, systems in dynamic equilibrium are stable due to a balance of feedback mechanisms, and stability might be disturbed by either sudden events or gradual changes that accumulate over time"},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students measure change in terms of differences over time, and observe that change may occur at different rates. Students learn some systems appear stable, but over long periods of time they will eventually change."}],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Feedback effects exist within and among Earth’s systems.The geological record shows that changes to global and regional climate can be caused by interactions among changes in the sun’s energy output or Earth’s orbit, tectonic events, ocean circulation, volcanic activity, glaciers, vegetation, and human activities."},{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Energy flows and matter cycles within and among Earth’s systems, including the sun and Earth’s interior as primary energy sources. Plate tectonics is one result of these processes."},{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Four major Earth systems interact. Rainfall helps to shape the land and affects the types of living things found in a region. Water, ice, wind, organisms, and gravity break rocks, soils, and sediments into smaller pieces and move them around"},{"title":"ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth's Processes","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Most of Earth’s water is in the ocean and much of the Earth’s fresh water is in glaciers or underground."},{"title":"ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth's Processes","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Water cycles among land, ocean, and atmosphere, and is propelled by sunlight and gravity. Density variations of sea water drive interconnected ocean currents. Water movement causes weathering and erosion, changing landscape features."},{"title":"ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth's Processes","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The planet’s dynamics are greatly influenced by water’s unique chemical and physical properties."},{"title":"ESS2.E Biogeology","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The biosphere and Earth’s other systems have many interconnections that cause a continual co-evolution of Earth’s surface and life on it"},{"title":"ESS2.E Biogeology","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Evolution is shaped by Earth’s varying geological conditions. Sudden changes in conditions (e.g., meteor impacts, major volcanic eruptions) have caused mass extinctions, but these changes, as well as more gradual ones, have ultimately allowed other life forms to flourish, which have in turn changed the rates of weathering and erosion of land surfaces, altered the composition of Earth’s soils and atmosphere, and affected the distribution of water in the hydrosphere."},{"title":"ESS2.E Biogeology","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Living things can affect the physical characteristics of their environment."},{"title":"ESS3.A Natural Resources","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Resource availability has guided the development of human society and use of natural resources has associated costs, risks, and\r\nbenefits."},{"title":"ESS3.A Natural Resources","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Humans depend on Earth’s land, ocean, atmosphere, and biosphere for different resources, many of which are limited or not renewable. Resources are distributed unevenly around the planet as a result of past geologic processes"},{"title":"ESS3.A Natural Resources","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Energy and fuels humans use are derived from natural sources and their use affects the environment. Some resources are renewable over time, others are not."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Sustainability of human societies and the biodiversity that supports them requires responsible management of natural resources, including the development of technologies that produce less pollution and waste and that preclude ecosystem degradation."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Human activities have altered the biosphere, sometimes damaging it, although changes to environments can have different impacts for different living things. Activities and technologies can be engineered to reduce people’s impacts on Earth."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Societal activities have had major effects on the land, ocean, atmosphere, and even outer space. Societal activities can also help protect Earth’s resources and environments."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Global climate models used to predict changes continue to be improved, although discoveries about the global climate system are ongoing and continually needed."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Human activities affect global warming. Decisions to reduce the impact of global warming depend on understanding climate science, engineering capabilities, and social dynamics."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"If Earth’s global mean temperature continues to rise, the lives of humans and other organisms will be affected in many different ways."},{"title":"LS2.A Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Organisms and populations are dependent on their environmental interactions both with other living things and with nonliving factors, any of which can limit their growth. Competitive, predatory, and mutually beneficial interactions vary across ecosystems but the patterns are shared."},{"title":"LS2.A Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Ecosystems have carrying capacities resulting from biotic and abiotic factors. The fundamental tension between resource availability and organism populations affects the abundance of species in any given ecosystem."},{"title":"LS2.B Cycles of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Photosynthesis and cellular respiration provide most of the energy for life processes. Only a fraction of matter consumed at the lower level of a food web is transferred up, resulting in fewer organisms at higher levels. At each link in an ecosystem elements are combined in different ways and matter and energy are conserved. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are key components of the global carbon cycle."},{"title":"LS2.B Cycles of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"The atoms that make up the organisms in an ecosystem are cycled repeatedly between the living and nonliving parts of the ecosystem. Food webs model how matter and energy are transferred among producers, consumers, and decomposers as the three groups interact within an ecosystem."},{"title":"LS2.C Ecosystem Dynamics, Functioning and Resilience","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"If a biological or physical disturbance to an ecosystem occurs, including one induced by human activity, the ecosystem may return to its more or less original state or become a very different ecosystem, depending on the complex set of interactions within the ecosystem"},{"title":"LS2.C Ecosystem Dynamics, Functioning and Resilience","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"When the environment changes some organisms survive and reproduce, some move to new locations, some move into the transformed environment, and some die."},{"title":"LS2.C Ecosystem Dynamics, Functioning and Resilience","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Ecosystem characteristics vary over time. Disruptions to any part of an ecosystem can lead to shifts in all of its populations. The completeness or integrity of an ecosystem’s biodiversity is often used as a measure of its health."},{"title":"LS4.D Biodiversity & Humans","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Populations of organisms live in a variety of habitats. 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These forces can be used to describe the relationship between electrical and magnetic fields."},{"title":"PS2.C Stability & Instability in Physical Systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Systems often change in predictable ways; understanding the forces that drive the transformations and cycles within a system, as well as the forces imposed on the system from the outside, helps predict its behavior under a variety of conditions. When a system has a great number of component pieces, one may not be able to predict much about its precise future. For such systems (e.g., with very many colliding molecules), one can often predict average but not detailed properties and behaviors (e.g., average temperature, motion, and rates of chemical change but not the trajectories or other changes of particular molecules). 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Digitized information is comprised of a pattern of 1s and 0s."},{"title":"PS4.C Information Technologies and Instrumentation","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Patterns can encode, send, receive and decode information."},{"title":"PS4.C Information Technologies and Instrumentation","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"People use devices to send and receive information."}],"sciEngPractices":[]},"gradeRange":[0,12]},{"id":335,"name":"All Sky Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer Mosaic Image","fullText":"all sky wide-field infrared survey explorer mosaic image all sky astronomy galaxies infrared milky way space wavelength nasa / jet propulsion laboratory (jpl) / wise team nasa / jet propulsion laboratory (jpl) / wise team","dateAdded":"2012-04-01T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"all-sky-wide-field-infrared-survey-explorer-mosaic-image","url":"/catalog/datasets/all-sky-wide-field-infrared-survey-explorer-mosaic-image","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/astronomy/allsky_wise/mosaic/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/astronomy/allsky_wise/mosaic/playlist.sos","isRealtime":0,"startDate":null,"endDate":null,"hasAudio":false,"isNarratedMovie":0,"isSos":1,"isSosx":0,"variations":[],"themes":[],"keywords":["All Sky","Astronomy","Galaxies","Infrared","Milky Way","Space","Wavelength"],"categories":{"Space":["Deep Space","Exploration"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[],"sciEngPractices":[]}},{"id":464,"name":"Aquaculture","fullText":"aquaculture aquaculture extras fish fisheries food oceans seafood sustainability animals human impacts aquarium of the pacific aquarium of the pacific aquarium of the pacific","dateAdded":"2014-06-18T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"aquaculture","url":"/catalog/datasets/aquaculture","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/extras/aquaculture/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/extras/aquaculture/playlist.sos","isRealtime":0,"startDate":null,"endDate":null,"hasAudio":1,"isNarratedMovie":1,"isSos":1,"isSosx":0,"variations":[],"themes":["Animals","Human Impacts"],"keywords":["Aquaculture","Extras","Fish","Fisheries","Food","Oceans","Seafood","Sustainability"],"categories":{"Water":["Life"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[],"sciEngPractices":[]}},{"id":353,"name":"Ariel: Uranus' moon","fullText":"ariel: uranus' moon ariel astronomy moon space uranus solar system steve albers david seal ted stryk steve albers","dateAdded":"2010-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"ariel-uranus-moon","url":"/catalog/datasets/ariel-uranus-moon","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/astronomy/uranus_moons/ariel/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/astronomy/uranus_moons/ariel/playlist.sos","isRealtime":0,"startDate":null,"endDate":null,"hasAudio":false,"isNarratedMovie":0,"isSos":1,"isSosx":0,"variations":[],"themes":["Solar System"],"keywords":["Ariel","Astronomy","Moon","Space","Uranus"],"categories":{"Space":["Moons","Exploration"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[],"sciEngPractices":[]}},{"id":369,"name":"Atmospheric Chemistry: GEOS-5 Model","fullText":"atmospheric chemistry: geos-5 model aerosols atmosphere black carbon chemistry climate dust emissions industrial sea salt sulfate weather pollution nasa / goddard space flight center (gsfc) nasa / goddard space flight center (gsfc)","dateAdded":"2012-12-07T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"atmospheric-chemistry-geos-5-model","url":"/catalog/datasets/atmospheric-chemistry-geos-5-model","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/atmosphere/nccs_models/chem/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/atmosphere/nccs_models/chem/playlist.sos","isRealtime":0,"startDate":"2006-08-17T00:00:00.000Z","endDate":"2007-04-10T00:00:00.000Z","hasAudio":false,"isNarratedMovie":0,"isSos":1,"isSosx":1,"variations":[],"themes":["Pollution"],"keywords":["Aerosols","Atmosphere","Black Carbon","Chemistry","Climate","Dust","Emissions","Industrial","Sea Salt","Sulfate","Weather"],"categories":{"Air":["Chemistry"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[{"title":"C2 Cause and Effect","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand that empirical evidence is required to differentiate between cause and correlation and to make claims about specific causes and effects. 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They use algebraic thinking to examine scientific data and predict the effect of a change in one variable on another (e.g., linear growth vs. exponential growth)."},{"title":"C3 Scale Proportion and Quantity","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand the significance of a phenomenon is dependent on the scale, proportion, and quantity at which it occurs. They recognize patterns observable at one scale may not be observable or exist at other scales, and some systems can only be studied indirectly as they are too small, too large, too fast, or too slow to observe directly. Students use orders of magnitude to understand how a model at one scale relates to a model at another scale. They use algebraic thinking to examine scientific data and predict the effect of a change in one variable on another (e.g., linear growth vs. exponential growth)."},{"title":"C3 Scale Proportion and Quantity","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students observe time, space, and energy phenomena at various scales using models to study systems that are too large or too small. They understand phenomena observed at one scale may not be observable at another scale, and the function of natural and designed systems may change with scale. They use proportional relationships (e.g., speed as the ratio of distance traveled to time taken) to gather information about the magnitude of properties and processes. They represent scientific relationships through the use of algebraic expressions and equations"},{"title":"C3 Scale Proportion and Quantity","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students recognize natural objects and observable phenomena exist from the very small to the immensely large. They use standard units to measure and describe physical quantities such as weight, time, temperature, and volume."},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students can investigate or analyze a system by defining its boundaries and initial conditions, as well as its inputs and outputs. They can use models (e.g., physical, mathematical, computer models) to simulate the flow of energy, matter, and interactions within and between systems at different scales. They can also use models and simulations to predict the behavior of a system, and recognize that these predictions have limited precision and reliability due to the assumptions and approximations inherent in the models. They can also design systems to do specific tasks."},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students can understand that systems may interact with other systems; they may have sub-systems and be a part of larger complex systems. They can use models to represent systems and their interactions—such as inputs, processes and outputs—and energy, matter, and information flows within systems. They can also learn that models are limited in that they only represent certain aspects of the system under study."},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students understand that a system is a group of related parts that make up a whole and can carry out functions its individual parts cannot. They can also describe a system in terms of its components and their interactions."},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand much of science deals with constructing explanations of how things change and how they remain stable. They quantify and model changes in systems over very short or very long periods of time. They see some changes are irreversible, and negative feedback can stabilize a system, while positive feedback can destabilize it. They recognize systems can be designed for greater or lesser stability"},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand much of science deals with constructing explanations of how things change and how they remain stable. They quantify and model changes in systems over very short or very long periods of time. They see some changes are irreversible, and negative feedback can stabilize a system, while positive feedback can destabilize it. They recognize systems can be designed for greater or lesser stability"},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students explain stability and change in natural or designed systems by examining changes over time, and considering forces at different scales, including the atomic scale. Students learn changes in one part of a system might cause large changes in another part, systems in dynamic equilibrium are stable due to a balance of feedback mechanisms, and stability might be disturbed by either sudden events or gradual changes that accumulate over time"},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students measure change in terms of differences over time, and observe that change may occur at different rates. Students learn some systems appear stable, but over long periods of time they will eventually change."}],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The role of radiation from the sun and its interactions with the atmosphere, ocean, and land are the foundation for the global climate system. Global climate models are used to predict future changes, including changes influenced by human behavior and natural factors"},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Complex interactions determine local weather patterns and influence climate, including the role of the ocean."},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Climate describes patterns of typical weather conditions over different scales and variations. Historical weather patterns can be analyzed so that they can make predictions about what kind of weather might happen next."},{"title":"ESS3.A Natural Resources","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Resource availability has guided the development of human society and use of natural resources has associated costs, risks, and\r\nbenefits."},{"title":"ESS3.A Natural Resources","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Humans depend on Earth’s land, ocean, atmosphere, and biosphere for different resources, many of which are limited or not renewable. Resources are distributed unevenly around the planet as a result of past geologic processes"},{"title":"ESS3.A Natural Resources","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Energy and fuels humans use are derived from natural sources and their use affects the environment. Some resources are renewable over time, others are not."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Natural hazards and other geological events have shaped the course of human history at local, regional, and global scales. Human activities can contribute to the frequency and intensity of some natural hazards."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Mapping the history of natural hazards in a region and understanding related geological forces can help forecast the locations and likelihoods of future events, such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and severe weather."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Sustainability of human societies and the biodiversity that supports them requires responsible management of natural resources, including the development of technologies that produce less pollution and waste and that preclude ecosystem degradation."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Human activities have altered the biosphere, sometimes damaging it, although changes to environments can have different impacts for different living things. Activities and technologies can be engineered to reduce people’s impacts on Earth."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Societal activities have had major effects on the land, ocean, atmosphere, and even outer space. Societal activities can also help protect Earth’s resources and environments."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Global climate models used to predict changes continue to be improved, although discoveries about the global climate system are ongoing and continually needed."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Human activities affect global warming. Decisions to reduce the impact of global warming depend on understanding climate science, engineering capabilities, and social dynamics."},{"title":"PS1.B Chemical Reactions","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Chemical processes are understood in terms of collisions of molecules, rearrangement of atoms, and changes in energy as determined by properties of elements involved."},{"title":"PS4.B Electromagnetic Radiation","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Both an electromagnetic wave model and a photon model explain features of electromagnetic radiation broadly and describe common applications of electromagnetic radiation."}],"sciEngPractices":[]},"gradeRange":[3,12]},{"id":419,"name":"Atmospheric General Circulation","fullText":"atmospheric general circulation atmosphere circulation overlays prevailing weather wind steve albers","dateAdded":"2013-07-24T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"atmospheric-general-circulation","url":"/catalog/datasets/atmospheric-general-circulation","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/overlays/general_circulation/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/overlays/general_circulation/playlist.sos","isRealtime":0,"startDate":null,"endDate":null,"hasAudio":false,"isNarratedMovie":0,"isSos":1,"isSosx":0,"variations":[],"themes":[],"keywords":["Atmosphere","Circulation","Overlays","Prevailing","Weather","Wind"],"categories":{"Extras":["Overlays"],"Air":["Overlays","Weather"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students explain stability and change in natural or designed systems by examining changes over time, and considering forces at different scales, including the atomic scale. 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They recognize classifications or explanations used at one scale may not be useful or need revision using a different scale; thus requiring improved investigations and experiments. They use mathematical representations to identify certain patterns and analyze patterns of performance in order to re-engineer and improve a designed system."},{"title":"C1 Patterns","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students recognize that macroscopic patterns are related to the nature of microscopic and atomic-level structure. They identify patterns in rates of change and other numerical relationships that provide information about natural and human designed systems. They use patterns to identify cause and effect relationships, and use graphs and charts to identify patterns in data."},{"title":"C2 Cause and Effect","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand that empirical evidence is required to differentiate between cause and correlation and to make claims about specific causes and effects. They suggest cause and effect relationships to explain and predict behaviors in complex natural and designed systems. They also propose causal relationships by examining what is known about smaller scale mechanisms within the system. They recognize changes in systems may have various causes that may not have equal effects."},{"title":"C2 Cause and Effect","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students classify relationships as causal or correlational, and recognize that correlation does not necessarily imply causation. They use cause and effect relationships to predict phenomena in natural or designed systems. They also understand that phenomena may have more than one cause, and some cause and effect relationships in systems can only be described using probability."}],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The role of radiation from the sun and its interactions with the atmosphere, ocean, and land are the foundation for the global climate system. Global climate models are used to predict future changes, including changes influenced by human behavior and natural factors"},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Complex interactions determine local weather patterns and influence climate, including the role of the ocean."},{"title":"ESS2.E Biogeology","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The biosphere and Earth’s other systems have many interconnections that cause a continual co-evolution of Earth’s surface and life on it"},{"title":"ESS2.E Biogeology","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Evolution is shaped by Earth’s varying geological conditions. Sudden changes in conditions (e.g., meteor impacts, major volcanic eruptions) have caused mass extinctions, but these changes, as well as more gradual ones, have ultimately allowed other life forms to flourish, which have in turn changed the rates of weathering and erosion of land surfaces, altered the composition of Earth’s soils and atmosphere, and affected the distribution of water in the hydrosphere."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Sustainability of human societies and the biodiversity that supports them requires responsible management of natural resources, including the development of technologies that produce less pollution and waste and that preclude ecosystem degradation."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Human activities have altered the biosphere, sometimes damaging it, although changes to environments can have different impacts for different living things. Activities and technologies can be engineered to reduce people’s impacts on Earth."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Global climate models used to predict changes continue to be improved, although discoveries about the global climate system are ongoing and continually needed."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Human activities affect global warming. Decisions to reduce the impact of global warming depend on understanding climate science, engineering capabilities, and social dynamics."},{"title":"PS4.C Information Technologies and Instrumentation","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Large amounts of information can be stored and shipped around as a result of being digitized."},{"title":"PS4.C Information Technologies and Instrumentation","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Waves can be used to transmit digital information. Digitized information is comprised of a pattern of 1s and 0s."}],"sciEngPractices":[]},"gradeRange":[6,12]},{"id":379,"name":"Aurora","fullText":"aurora astronomy aurora aurora australis aurora borealis electrons geomagnetism magnetic field magnetosphere northern lights ovation space weather noaa / space weather prediction center (swpc) noaa / space weather prediction center (swpc)","dateAdded":"2013-04-17T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"aurora","url":"/catalog/datasets/aurora","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/astronomy/aurora/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/astronomy/aurora/playlist.sos","isRealtime":0,"startDate":"2012-09-30T00:00:00.000Z","endDate":"2012-10-01T00:00:00.000Z","hasAudio":false,"isNarratedMovie":0,"isSos":1,"isSosx":1,"variations":[],"themes":[],"keywords":["Astronomy","Aurora","Aurora Australis","Aurora Borealis","Electrons","Geomagnetism","Magnetic Field","Magnetosphere","Northern Lights","Ovation","Space Weather"],"categories":{"Space":["Earth's Magnetism"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[{"title":"C1 Patterns","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Children recognize that patterns in the natural and human designed world can be observed, used to describe phenomena, and used as evidence"},{"title":"C1 Patterns","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students observe patterns in systems at different scales and cite patterns as empirical evidence for causality in supporting their explanations of phenomena. 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They recognize changes in systems may have various causes that may not have equal effects."},{"title":"C2 Cause and Effect","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students routinely identify and test causal relationships and use these relationships to explain change. They understand events that occur together with regularity might or might not signify a cause and effect relationship"},{"title":"C3 Scale Proportion and Quantity","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students observe time, space, and energy phenomena at various scales using models to study systems that are too large or too small. They understand phenomena observed at one scale may not be observable at another scale, and the function of natural and designed systems may change with scale. They use proportional relationships (e.g., speed as the ratio of distance traveled to time taken) to gather information about the magnitude of properties and processes. They represent scientific relationships through the use of algebraic expressions and equations"},{"title":"C3 Scale Proportion and Quantity","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Students use relative scales (e.g., bigger and smaller; hotter and colder; faster and slower) to describe objects. They use standard units to measure length."},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students can understand that systems may interact with other systems; they may have sub-systems and be a part of larger complex systems. They can use models to represent systems and their interactions—such as inputs, processes and outputs—and energy, matter, and information flows within systems. They can also learn that models are limited in that they only represent certain aspects of the system under study."},{"title":"C5 Energy and Matter","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students learn matter is conserved because atoms are conserved in physical and chemical processes. They also learn within a natural or designed system, the transfer of energy drives the motion and/or cycling of matter. Energy may take different forms (e.g. energy in fields, thermal energy, energy of motion). The transfer of energy can be tracked as energy flows through a designed or natural system."},{"title":"C5 Energy and Matter","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students learn matter is made of particles and energy can be transferred in various ways and between objects. Students observe the conservation of matter by tracking matter flows and cycles before and after processes and recognizing the total weight of substances does not change."},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students explain stability and change in natural or designed systems by examining changes over time, and considering forces at different scales, including the atomic scale. Students learn changes in one part of a system might cause large changes in another part, systems in dynamic equilibrium are stable due to a balance of feedback mechanisms, and stability might be disturbed by either sudden events or gradual changes that accumulate over time"}],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[{"title":"ESS1.B Earth and the Solar System","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Patterns of movement of the sun, moon, and stars as seen from Earth can be observed, described, and predicted"},{"title":"ESS1.B Earth and the Solar System","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"The Earth’s orbit and rotation, and the orbit of the moon around the Earth cause observable patterns."},{"title":"ESS1.B Earth and the Solar System","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Kepler’s laws describe common features of the motions of orbiting objects. Observations from astronomy and space probes provide evidence for explanations of solar system formation. Changes in Earth’s tilt and orbit cause climate changes such as Ice Ages"},{"title":"ESS1.B Earth and the Solar System","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"The solar system contains many varied objects held together by gravity. Solar system models explain and predict eclipses, tides, lunar phases, and seasons."},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The role of radiation from the sun and its interactions with the atmosphere, ocean, and land are the foundation for the global climate system. Global climate models are used to predict future changes, including changes influenced by human behavior and natural factors"},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Complex interactions determine local weather patterns and influence climate, including the role of the ocean."},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Climate describes patterns of typical weather conditions over different scales and variations. Historical weather patterns can be analyzed so that they can make predictions about what kind of weather might happen next."},{"title":"PS1.A Structure of Matter","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The sub-atomic structural model and interactions between electric charges at the atomic scale can be used to explain the structure and interactions of matter, including chemical reactions and nuclear processes. Repeating patterns of the periodic table reflect patterns of outer electrons. A stable molecule has less energy than the same set of atoms separated; one must provide at least this energy to take the molecule apart"},{"title":"PS1.A Structure of Matter","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"The fact that matter is composed of atoms and molecules can be used to explain the properties of substances, diversity of materials, states of matter, phase changes, and conservation of matter."},{"title":"PS1.B Chemical Reactions","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Reacting substances rearrange to form different molecules, but the number of atoms is conserved. Some reactions release energy and others absorb energy."},{"title":"PS1.B Chemical Reactions","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Chemical processes are understood in terms of collisions of molecules, rearrangement of atoms, and changes in energy as determined by properties of elements involved."},{"title":"PS1.C Nuclear Processes","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Nuclear fusion can result in the merging of two nuclei to form a larger one, along with the release of significantly more energy per atom than any chemical process.  Nuclear fusion taking place in the cores of stars provides the energy released (as light) from those stars and produced all of the more massive atoms from primordial hydrogen."},{"title":"PS1.C Nuclear Processes","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Nuclear processes, including fusion, fission, and radio-active decays of unstable nuclei, involve changes in nuclear binding energies. The total number of neutrons plus protons does not change in any nuclear process. Strong and weak nuclear interactions determine nuclear stability and processes. Normal stars cease producing light after having converted all of the material in their cores to carbon or, for more massive stars, to iron. Elements more massive than iron are formed by fusion processes but only in the extreme conditions of supernova explosions, which explains why they are relatively rare."},{"title":"PS4.A Wave Properties","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The wavelength and frequency of a wave are related to one another by the speed of the wave, which depends on the type of wave and the medium through which it is passing. Waves can be used to transmit information and energy."},{"title":"PS4.A Wave Properties","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The wavelength and frequency of a wave are related to one another by the speed of the wave, which depends on the type of wave and the medium through which it is passing. Waves can be used to transmit information and energy."},{"title":"PS4.A Wave Properties","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"A simple wave model has a repeating pattern with a specific wavelength, frequency, and amplitude, and mechanical waves need a medium through which they are transmitted. This model can explain many phenomena including sound and light. Waves can transmit energy"},{"title":"PS4.B Electromagnetic Radiation","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Both an electromagnetic wave model and a photon model explain features of electromagnetic radiation broadly and describe common applications of electromagnetic radiation."},{"title":"PS4.B Electromagnetic Radiation","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"The construct of a wave is used to model how light interacts with objects."}],"sciEngPractices":[]},"gradeRange":[0,12]},{"id":663,"name":"Aurora (3D)","fullText":"aurora (3d) aurora australis electrons geomagnetism magnetic field magnetosphere noaa / global systems laboratory (gsl)","dateAdded":"2017-05-02T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"aurora-3d","url":"/catalog/datasets/aurora-3d","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/astronomy/aurora/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"","isRealtime":0,"startDate":null,"endDate":null,"hasAudio":false,"isNarratedMovie":0,"isSos":0,"isSosx":1,"variations":[],"themes":[],"keywords":["Aurora Australis","Electrons","Geomagnetism","Magnetic Field","Magnetosphere"],"categories":{"Space":["Earth's Magnetism"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[{"title":"C1 Patterns","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Children recognize that patterns in the natural and human designed world can be observed, used to describe phenomena, and used as evidence"},{"title":"C1 Patterns","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students observe patterns in systems at different scales and cite patterns as empirical evidence for causality in supporting their explanations of phenomena. 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They recognize changes in systems may have various causes that may not have equal effects."},{"title":"C2 Cause and Effect","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students routinely identify and test causal relationships and use these relationships to explain change. They understand events that occur together with regularity might or might not signify a cause and effect relationship"},{"title":"C3 Scale Proportion and Quantity","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Students use relative scales (e.g., bigger and smaller; hotter and colder; faster and slower) to describe objects. They use standard units to measure length."},{"title":"C3 Scale Proportion and Quantity","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students observe time, space, and energy phenomena at various scales using models to study systems that are too large or too small. They understand phenomena observed at one scale may not be observable at another scale, and the function of natural and designed systems may change with scale. 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Students observe the conservation of matter by tracking matter flows and cycles before and after processes and recognizing the total weight of substances does not change."},{"title":"C5 Energy and Matter","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students learn matter is conserved because atoms are conserved in physical and chemical processes. They also learn within a natural or designed system, the transfer of energy drives the motion and/or cycling of matter. Energy may take different forms (e.g. energy in fields, thermal energy, energy of motion). The transfer of energy can be tracked as energy flows through a designed or natural system."},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students explain stability and change in natural or designed systems by examining changes over time, and considering forces at different scales, including the atomic scale. 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Solar system models explain and predict eclipses, tides, lunar phases, and seasons."},{"title":"ESS1.B Earth and the Solar System","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"The Earth’s orbit and rotation, and the orbit of the moon around the Earth cause observable patterns."},{"title":"ESS1.B Earth and the Solar System","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Patterns of movement of the sun, moon, and stars as seen from Earth can be observed, described, and predicted"},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The role of radiation from the sun and its interactions with the atmosphere, ocean, and land are the foundation for the global climate system. 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A stable molecule has less energy than the same set of atoms separated; one must provide at least this energy to take the molecule apart"},{"title":"PS1.A Structure of Matter","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"The fact that matter is composed of atoms and molecules can be used to explain the properties of substances, diversity of materials, states of matter, phase changes, and conservation of matter."},{"title":"PS1.B Chemical Reactions","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Reacting substances rearrange to form different molecules, but the number of atoms is conserved. Some reactions release energy and others absorb energy."},{"title":"PS1.B Chemical Reactions","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Chemical processes are understood in terms of collisions of molecules, rearrangement of atoms, and changes in energy as determined by properties of elements involved."},{"title":"PS1.C Nuclear Processes","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Nuclear fusion can result in the merging of two nuclei to form a larger one, along with the release of significantly more energy per atom than any chemical process.  Nuclear fusion taking place in the cores of stars provides the energy released (as light) from those stars and produced all of the more massive atoms from primordial hydrogen."},{"title":"PS1.C Nuclear Processes","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Nuclear processes, including fusion, fission, and radio-active decays of unstable nuclei, involve changes in nuclear binding energies. The total number of neutrons plus protons does not change in any nuclear process. Strong and weak nuclear interactions determine nuclear stability and processes. Normal stars cease producing light after having converted all of the material in their cores to carbon or, for more massive stars, to iron. Elements more massive than iron are formed by fusion processes but only in the extreme conditions of supernova explosions, which explains why they are relatively rare."},{"title":"PS4.A Wave Properties","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The wavelength and frequency of a wave are related to one another by the speed of the wave, which depends on the type of wave and the medium through which it is passing. Waves can be used to transmit information and energy."},{"title":"PS4.A Wave Properties","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The wavelength and frequency of a wave are related to one another by the speed of the wave, which depends on the type of wave and the medium through which it is passing. 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Some resources are renewable over time, others are not."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Sustainability of human societies and the biodiversity that supports them requires responsible management of natural resources, including the development of technologies that produce less pollution and waste and that preclude ecosystem degradation."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Human activities have altered the biosphere, sometimes damaging it, although changes to environments can have different impacts for different living things. Activities and technologies can be engineered to reduce people’s impacts on Earth."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Societal activities have had major effects on the land, ocean, atmosphere, and even outer space. Societal activities can also help protect Earth’s resources and environments."},{"title":"LS1.C Organization for Energy Flow and Matter in Organisms","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Plants use the energy from light to make sugars through photosynthesis. Within individual organisms, food is broken down through a series of chemical reactions that rearrange molecules and release energy."},{"title":"LS1.C Organization for Energy Flow and Matter in Organisms","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Food provides animals with the materials and energy they need for body repair, growth, warmth, and motion. Plants acquire material for growth chiefly from air, water, and process matter and obtain energy from sunlight, which is used to maintain conditions necessary for survival."},{"title":"LS2.A Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Organisms and populations are dependent on their environmental interactions both with other living things and with nonliving factors, any of which can limit their growth. Competitive, predatory, and mutually beneficial interactions vary across ecosystems but the patterns are shared."},{"title":"LS2.B Cycles of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Photosynthesis and cellular respiration provide most of the energy for life processes. Only a fraction of matter consumed at the lower level of a food web is transferred up, resulting in fewer organisms at higher levels. At each link in an ecosystem elements are combined in different ways and matter and energy are conserved. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are key components of the global carbon cycle."},{"title":"LS2.B Cycles of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"The atoms that make up the organisms in an ecosystem are cycled repeatedly between the living and nonliving parts of the ecosystem. Food webs model how matter and energy are transferred among producers, consumers, and decomposers as the three groups interact within an ecosystem."},{"title":"LS2.C Ecosystem Dynamics, Functioning and Resilience","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"If a biological or physical disturbance to an ecosystem occurs, including one induced by human activity, the ecosystem may return to its more or less original state or become a very different ecosystem, depending on the complex set of interactions within the ecosystem"},{"title":"PS3.D Energy in Chemical Process and Everyday Life","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Energy can be “produced,” “used,” or “released” by converting stored energy. 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They use standard units to measure and describe physical quantities such as weight, time, temperature, and volume."}],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[{"title":"ESS1.B Earth and the Solar System","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Patterns of movement of the sun, moon, and stars as seen from Earth can be observed, described, and predicted"},{"title":"ESS1.B Earth and the Solar System","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"The Earth’s orbit and rotation, and the orbit of the moon around the Earth cause observable patterns."},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The role of radiation from the sun and its interactions with the atmosphere, ocean, and land are the foundation for the global climate system. 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Students use orders of magnitude to understand how a model at one scale relates to a model at another scale. They use algebraic thinking to examine scientific data and predict the effect of a change in one variable on another (e.g., linear growth vs. exponential growth)."},{"title":"C3 Scale Proportion and Quantity","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students observe time, space, and energy phenomena at various scales using models to study systems that are too large or too small. They understand phenomena observed at one scale may not be observable at another scale, and the function of natural and designed systems may change with scale. They use proportional relationships (e.g., speed as the ratio of distance traveled to time taken) to gather information about the magnitude of properties and processes. 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Water movement causes weathering and erosion, changing landscape features."},{"title":"ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth's Processes","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The planet’s dynamics are greatly influenced by water’s unique chemical and physical properties."},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The role of radiation from the sun and its interactions with the atmosphere, ocean, and land are the foundation for the global climate system. Global climate models are used to predict future changes, including changes influenced by human behavior and natural factors"},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Complex interactions determine local weather patterns and influence climate, including the role of the ocean."},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Climate describes patterns of typical weather conditions over different scales and variations. Historical weather patterns can be analyzed so that they can make predictions about what kind of weather might happen next."},{"title":"ESS2.E Biogeology","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The biosphere and Earth’s other systems have many interconnections that cause a continual co-evolution of Earth’s surface and life on it"},{"title":"ESS2.E Biogeology","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Living things can affect the physical characteristics of their environment."},{"title":"ESS3.A Natural Resources","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Resource availability has guided the development of human society and use of natural resources has associated costs, risks, and\r\nbenefits."},{"title":"ESS3.A Natural Resources","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Humans depend on Earth’s land, ocean, atmosphere, and biosphere for different resources, many of which are limited or not renewable. 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Students use orders of magnitude to understand how a model at one scale relates to a model at another scale. They use algebraic thinking to examine scientific data and predict the effect of a change in one variable on another (e.g., linear growth vs. exponential growth)."},{"title":"C3 Scale Proportion and Quantity","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students observe time, space, and energy phenomena at various scales using models to study systems that are too large or too small. They understand phenomena observed at one scale may not be observable at another scale, and the function of natural and designed systems may change with scale. They use proportional relationships (e.g., speed as the ratio of distance traveled to time taken) to gather information about the magnitude of properties and processes. 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Activities and technologies can be engineered to reduce people’s impacts on Earth."},{"title":"LS1.A Structure and Function","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Systems of specialized cells within organisms help perform essential functions of life. Any one system in an organism is made up of numerous parts. Feedback mechanisms maintain an organism’s internal conditions within certain limits and mediate behaviors."},{"title":"LS1.A Structure and Function","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"All living things are made up of cells. In organisms, cells work together to form tissues and organs that are specialized for particular body functions"},{"title":"LS2.A Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Organisms and populations are dependent on their environmental interactions both with other living things and with nonliving factors, any of which can limit their growth. 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Traits that support successful survival and reproduction in the new environment become more common."},{"title":"LS4.D Biodiversity & Humans","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Changes in biodiversity can influence humans’ resources and ecosystem services they rely on."},{"title":"LS4.D Biodiversity & Humans","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Biodiversity is increased by formation of new species and reduced by extinction. Humans depend on biodiversity but also have adverse impacts on it. 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Historical weather patterns can be analyzed so that they can make predictions about what kind of weather might happen next."},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Weather is the combination of sunlight, wind, snow or rain, and temperature in a particular region and time. People record weather patterns over time"},{"title":"ESS2.E Biogeology","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The biosphere and Earth’s other systems have many interconnections that cause a continual co-evolution of Earth’s surface and life on it"},{"title":"ESS2.E Biogeology","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Evolution is shaped by Earth’s varying geological conditions. Sudden changes in conditions (e.g., meteor impacts, major volcanic eruptions) have caused mass extinctions, but these changes, as well as more gradual ones, have ultimately allowed other life forms to flourish, which have in turn changed the rates of weathering and erosion of land surfaces, altered the composition of Earth’s soils and atmosphere, and affected the distribution of water in the hydrosphere."},{"title":"ESS2.E Biogeology","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Living things can affect the physical characteristics of their environment."},{"title":"ESS2.E Biogeology","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Plants and animals can change their local environment."},{"title":"ESS3.A Natural Resources","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Resource availability has guided the development of human society and use of natural resources has associated costs, risks, and\r\nbenefits."},{"title":"ESS3.A Natural Resources","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Humans depend on Earth’s land, ocean, atmosphere, and biosphere for different resources, many of which are limited or not renewable. 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Human activities can contribute to the frequency and intensity of some natural hazards."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Mapping the history of natural hazards in a region and understanding related geological forces can help forecast the locations and likelihoods of future events, such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and severe weather."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"A variety of hazards result from natural processes; humans cannot eliminate hazards but can reduce their impacts."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"In a region, some kinds of severe weather are more likely than others. Forecasts allow communities to prepare for severe weather."},{"title":"LS1.C Organization for Energy Flow and Matter in Organisms","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Food provides animals with the materials and energy they need for body repair, growth, warmth, and motion. Plants acquire material for growth chiefly from air, water, and process matter and obtain energy from sunlight, which is used to maintain conditions necessary for survival."},{"title":"LS1.C Organization for Energy Flow and Matter in Organisms","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Animals obtain food they need from plants or other animals. Plants need water and light."},{"title":"LS2.A Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"The food of almost any animal can be traced back to plants. Organisms are related in food webs in which some animals eat plants for food and other animals eat the animals that eat plants, while decomposers restore some materials back to the soil."},{"title":"LS2.A Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Plants depend on water and light to grow, and also depend on animals for pollination or to move their seeds around."},{"title":"LS2.A Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Organisms and populations are dependent on their environmental interactions both with other living things and with nonliving factors, any of which can limit their growth. Competitive, predatory, and mutually beneficial interactions vary across ecosystems but the patterns are shared."},{"title":"LS2.A Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Ecosystems have carrying capacities resulting from biotic and abiotic factors. 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They can also learn that models are limited in that they only represent certain aspects of the system under study."},{"title":"C5 Energy and Matter","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students learn that the total amount of energy and matter in closed systems is conserved. They can describe changes of energy and matter in a system in terms of energy and matter flows into, out of, and within that system. They also learn that energy cannot be created or destroyed. It only moves between one place and another place, between objects and/or fields, or between systems. Energy drives the cycling of matter within and between systems. In nuclear processes, atoms are not conserved, but the total number of protons plus neutrons is conserved."},{"title":"C5 Energy and Matter","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students learn matter is conserved because atoms are conserved in physical and chemical processes. They also learn within a natural or designed system, the transfer of energy drives the motion and/or cycling of matter. Energy may take different forms (e.g. energy in fields, thermal energy, energy of motion). The transfer of energy can be tracked as energy flows through a designed or natural system."},{"title":"C5 Energy and Matter","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students learn matter is made of particles and energy can be transferred in various ways and between objects. Students observe the conservation of matter by tracking matter flows and cycles before and after processes and recognizing the total weight of substances does not change."},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand much of science deals with constructing explanations of how things change and how they remain stable. They quantify and model changes in systems over very short or very long periods of time. They see some changes are irreversible, and negative feedback can stabilize a system, while positive feedback can destabilize it. They recognize systems can be designed for greater or lesser stability"},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand much of science deals with constructing explanations of how things change and how they remain stable. They quantify and model changes in systems over very short or very long periods of time. They see some changes are irreversible, and negative feedback can stabilize a system, while positive feedback can destabilize it. They recognize systems can be designed for greater or lesser stability"},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students explain stability and change in natural or designed systems by examining changes over time, and considering forces at different scales, including the atomic scale. Students learn changes in one part of a system might cause large changes in another part, systems in dynamic equilibrium are stable due to a balance of feedback mechanisms, and stability might be disturbed by either sudden events or gradual changes that accumulate over time"}],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[{"title":"ESS2.B Plate Tectonics & Large Scale Interactions","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Radioactive decay within Earth’s interior contributes to thermal convection in the mantle. Plate tectonics can be viewed as the surface expression of mantle convection."},{"title":"ESS2.B Plate Tectonics & Large Scale Interactions","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Plate tectonics is the unifying theory that explains movements of rocks at Earth’s surface and geological history. Maps are used to display evidence of plate movement."},{"title":"ESS2.B Plate Tectonics & Large Scale Interactions","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Earth’s physical features occur in patterns, as do earthquakes and volcanoes. Maps can be used to locate features and determine patterns in those events."},{"title":"ESS2.B Plate Tectonics & Large Scale Interactions","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Maps show where things are located. One can map the shapes and kinds of land and water in any area."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Natural hazards and other geological events have shaped the course of human history at local, regional, and global scales. Human activities can contribute to the frequency and intensity of some natural hazards."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Mapping the history of natural hazards in a region and understanding related geological forces can help forecast the locations and likelihoods of future events, such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and severe weather."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"A variety of hazards result from natural processes; humans cannot eliminate hazards but can reduce their impacts."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"In a region, some kinds of severe weather are more likely than others. Forecasts allow communities to prepare for severe weather."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Sustainability of human societies and the biodiversity that supports them requires responsible management of natural resources, including the development of technologies that produce less pollution and waste and that preclude ecosystem degradation."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Human activities have altered the biosphere, sometimes damaging it, although changes to environments can have different impacts for different living things. Activities and technologies can be engineered to reduce people’s impacts on Earth."},{"title":"PS2.A Forces and Motion","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Newton’s 2nd law (F=ma) and the conservation of momentum can be used to predict changes in the motion of macroscopic objects."},{"title":"PS2.A Forces and Motion","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"The role of the mass of an object must be qualitatively accounted for in any change of motion due to the application of a force."},{"title":"PS2.A Forces and Motion","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"The effect of unbalanced forces on an object results in a change of motion. Patterns of motion can be used to predict future motion. Some forces act through contact, some forces act even when the objects are not in contact. The gravitational force of Earth acting on an object near Earth’s surface pulls that object toward the planet’s center"},{"title":"PS2.B Types of Interactions","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"The effect of unbalanced forces on an object results in a change of motion. Patterns of motion can be used to predict future motion. Some forces act through contact, some forces act even when the objects are not in contact. The gravitational force of Earth acting on an object near Earth’s surface pulls that object toward the planet’s center"},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Moving objects contain energy. The faster the object moves, the more energy it has. Energy can be moved from place to place by moving objects, or through sound, light, or electrical currents. Energy can be converted from one form to another form."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The total energy within a system is conserved. Energy transfer within and between systems can be described and predicted in terms of energy associated with the motion or configuration of particles (objects)."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Kinetic energy can be distinguished from the various forms of potential energy. Energy changes to and from each type can be tracked through physical or chemical interactions. The relationship between the temperature and the total energy of a system depends on the types, states, and amounts of matter."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Moving objects contain energy. The faster the object moves, the more energy it has. Energy can be moved from place to place by moving objects, or through sound, light, or electrical currents. Energy can be converted from one form to another form."},{"title":"PS3.B Conservation of Energy and Energy Transfer","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Moving objects contain energy. The faster the object moves, the more energy it has. Energy can be moved from place to place by moving objects, or through sound, light, or electrical currents. Energy can be converted from one form to another form."},{"title":"PS3.B Conservation of Energy and Energy Transfer","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Kinetic energy can be distinguished from the various forms of potential energy. Energy changes to and from each type can be tracked through physical or chemical interactions. The relationship between the temperature and the total energy of a system depends on the types, states, and amounts of matter."},{"title":"PS3.B Conservation of Energy and Energy Transfer","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Systems move toward stable states."},{"title":"PS3.C Relationship between energy and forces","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"When two objects interact, each one exerts a force on the other, and these forces can transfer energy between them."},{"title":"PS4.A Wave Properties","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The wavelength and frequency of a wave are related to one another by the speed of the wave, which depends on the type of wave and the medium through which it is passing. Waves can be used to transmit information and energy."},{"title":"PS4.A Wave Properties","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The wavelength and frequency of a wave are related to one another by the speed of the wave, which depends on the type of wave and the medium through which it is passing. Waves can be used to transmit information and energy."},{"title":"PS4.A Wave Properties","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"A simple wave model has a repeating pattern with a specific wavelength, frequency, and amplitude, and mechanical waves need a medium through which they are transmitted. This model can explain many phenomena including sound and light. Waves can transmit energy"},{"title":"PS4.A Wave Properties","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Waves are regular patterns of motion, which can be made in water by disturbing the surface. Waves of the same type can differ in amplitude and wavelength. 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They use cause and effect relationships to predict phenomena in natural or designed systems. They also understand that phenomena may have more than one cause, and some cause and effect relationships in systems can only be described using probability."},{"title":"C2 Cause and Effect","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Students learn that events have causes that generate observable patterns. They design simple tests to gather evidence to support or refute their own ideas about causes."},{"title":"C3 Scale Proportion and Quantity","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand the significance of a phenomenon is dependent on the scale, proportion, and quantity at which it occurs. They recognize patterns observable at one scale may not be observable or exist at other scales, and some systems can only be studied indirectly as they are too small, too large, too fast, or too slow to observe directly. Students use orders of magnitude to understand how a model at one scale relates to a model at another scale. They use algebraic thinking to examine scientific data and predict the effect of a change in one variable on another (e.g., linear growth vs. exponential growth)."},{"title":"C3 Scale Proportion and Quantity","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand the significance of a phenomenon is dependent on the scale, proportion, and quantity at which it occurs. They recognize patterns observable at one scale may not be observable or exist at other scales, and some systems can only be studied indirectly as they are too small, too large, too fast, or too slow to observe directly. Students use orders of magnitude to understand how a model at one scale relates to a model at another scale. They use algebraic thinking to examine scientific data and predict the effect of a change in one variable on another (e.g., linear growth vs. exponential growth)."},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students can understand that systems may interact with other systems; they may have sub-systems and be a part of larger complex systems. They can use models to represent systems and their interactions—such as inputs, processes and outputs—and energy, matter, and information flows within systems. They can also learn that models are limited in that they only represent certain aspects of the system under study."},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students understand that a system is a group of related parts that make up a whole and can carry out functions its individual parts cannot. They can also describe a system in terms of its components and their interactions."},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Students understand objects and organisms can be described in terms of their parts; and systems in the natural and designed world have parts that work together."},{"title":"C5 Energy and Matter","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students learn matter is conserved because atoms are conserved in physical and chemical processes. They also learn within a natural or designed system, the transfer of energy drives the motion and/or cycling of matter. Energy may take different forms (e.g. energy in fields, thermal energy, energy of motion). The transfer of energy can be tracked as energy flows through a designed or natural system."},{"title":"C5 Energy and Matter","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Students observe objects may break into smaller pieces, be put together into larger pieces, or change shapes."},{"title":"C6 Structures and Functions","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students investigate systems by examining the properties of different materials, the structures of different components, and their interconnections to reveal the system’s function and/or solve a problem. They infer the functions and properties of natural and designed objects and systems from their overall structure, the way their components are shaped and used, and the molecular substructures of their various materials."},{"title":"C6 Structures and Functions","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students learn different materials have different substructures, which can sometimes be observed; and substructures have shapes and parts that serve functions."}],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[{"title":"ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth's Processes","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Most of Earth’s water is in the ocean and much of the Earth’s fresh water is in glaciers or underground."},{"title":"ESS2.E Biogeology","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The biosphere and Earth’s other systems have many interconnections that cause a continual co-evolution of Earth’s surface and life on it"},{"title":"ESS2.E Biogeology","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Evolution is shaped by Earth’s varying geological conditions. Sudden changes in conditions (e.g., meteor impacts, major volcanic eruptions) have caused mass extinctions, but these changes, as well as more gradual ones, have ultimately allowed other life forms to flourish, which have in turn changed the rates of weathering and erosion of land surfaces, altered the composition of Earth’s soils and atmosphere, and affected the distribution of water in the hydrosphere."},{"title":"ESS2.E Biogeology","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Living things can affect the physical characteristics of their environment."},{"title":"ESS2.E Biogeology","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Plants and animals can change their local environment."},{"title":"ESS3.A Natural Resources","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Resource availability has guided the development of human society and use of natural resources has associated costs, risks, and\r\nbenefits."},{"title":"ESS3.A Natural Resources","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Humans depend on Earth’s land, ocean, atmosphere, and biosphere for different resources, many of which are limited or not renewable. Resources are distributed unevenly around the planet as a result of past geologic processes"},{"title":"ESS3.A Natural Resources","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Energy and fuels humans use are derived from natural sources and their use affects the environment. Some resources are renewable over time, others are not."},{"title":"ESS3.A Natural Resources","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Living things need water, air, and resources from the land, and they live in places that have the things they need. Humans use natural resources for everything they do."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Sustainability of human societies and the biodiversity that supports them requires responsible management of natural resources, including the development of technologies that produce less pollution and waste and that preclude ecosystem degradation."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Human activities have altered the biosphere, sometimes damaging it, although changes to environments can have different impacts for different living things. Activities and technologies can be engineered to reduce people’s impacts on Earth."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Societal activities have had major effects on the land, ocean, atmosphere, and even outer space. Societal activities can also help protect Earth’s resources and environments."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Things people do can affect the environment but they can make choices to reduce their impacts."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Global climate models used to predict changes continue to be improved, although discoveries about the global climate system are ongoing and continually needed."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Human activities affect global warming. Decisions to reduce the impact of global warming depend on understanding climate science, engineering capabilities, and social dynamics."},{"title":"LS2.A Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"The food of almost any animal can be traced back to plants. Organisms are related in food webs in which some animals eat plants for food and other animals eat the animals that eat plants, while decomposers restore some materials back to the soil."},{"title":"LS2.A Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Plants depend on water and light to grow, and also depend on animals for pollination or to move their seeds around."},{"title":"LS2.A Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Organisms and populations are dependent on their environmental interactions both with other living things and with nonliving factors, any of which can limit their growth. Competitive, predatory, and mutually beneficial interactions vary across ecosystems but the patterns are shared."},{"title":"LS2.A Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Ecosystems have carrying capacities resulting from biotic and abiotic factors. The fundamental tension between resource availability and organism populations affects the abundance of species in any given ecosystem."},{"title":"LS2.C Ecosystem Dynamics, Functioning and Resilience","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"If a biological or physical disturbance to an ecosystem occurs, including one induced by human activity, the ecosystem may return to its more or less original state or become a very different ecosystem, depending on the complex set of interactions within the ecosystem"},{"title":"LS4.D Biodiversity & Humans","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Biodiversity is increased by formation of new species and reduced by extinction. Humans depend on biodiversity but also have adverse impacts on it. Sustaining biodiversity is essential to supporting life on Earth"},{"title":"PS2.A Forces and Motion","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"The effect of unbalanced forces on an object results in a change of motion. Patterns of motion can be used to predict future motion. Some forces act through contact, some forces act even when the objects are not in contact. The gravitational force of Earth acting on an object near Earth’s surface pulls that object toward the planet’s center"}],"sciEngPractices":[]},"gradeRange":[0,12]},{"id":135,"name":"El Nino - 1997 - 1998","fullText":"el nino - 1997 - 1998 climate enso el nino oceans ssta temperature anomaly noaa / national climatic data center (ncdc) beth russell noaa office of education, cooperative institute for research in environmental sciences (cires) steve albers","dateAdded":"2010-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"el-nino-1997-1998","url":"/catalog/datasets/el-nino-1997-1998","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/oceans/SST_1980-1999/elnino_sample/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/oceans/SST_1980-1999/elnino_sample/playlist.sos","isRealtime":0,"startDate":"1997-03-30T00:00:00.000Z","endDate":"1998-06-10T00:00:00.000Z","hasAudio":false,"isNarratedMovie":0,"isSos":1,"isSosx":0,"variations":[],"themes":[],"keywords":["Climate","ENSO","El Nino","Oceans","SSTA","Temperature Anomaly"],"categories":{"Water":["El Nino"],"Air":["Weather"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[],"sciEngPractices":[]}},{"id":465,"name":"El Nino and La Nina Seasonal Impacts","fullText":"el nino and la nina seasonal impacts atmosphere climate drought enso el nino la nina ocean temperature oceans seasons weather rick kohrs uw-madison space science and engineering center (ssec) noaa climate prediction center rick kohrs uw-madison space science and engineering center (ssec)","dateAdded":"2014-07-11T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"el-nino-and-la-nina-seasonal-impacts","url":"/catalog/datasets/el-nino-and-la-nina-seasonal-impacts","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/oceans/elnino/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/oceans/elnino/playlist.sos","isRealtime":0,"startDate":null,"endDate":null,"hasAudio":false,"isNarratedMovie":0,"isSos":1,"isSosx":0,"variations":[],"themes":[],"keywords":["Atmosphere","Climate","Drought","ENSO","El Nino","La Nina","Ocean Temperature","Oceans","Seasons","Weather"],"categories":{"Water":["El Nino"],"Air":["Weather"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[],"sciEngPractices":[]}},{"id":252,"name":"Enceladus: Saturn's Moon","fullText":"enceladus: saturn's moon albedo astronomy enceladus moon saturn space solar system nasa / jet propulsion laboratory (jpl) steve albers phil stooke jens meyer  space science institute steve albers","dateAdded":"2010-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"enceladus-saturns-moon","url":"/catalog/datasets/enceladus-saturns-moon","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/astronomy/enceladus/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/astronomy/enceladus/playlist.sos","isRealtime":0,"startDate":null,"endDate":null,"hasAudio":false,"isNarratedMovie":0,"isSos":1,"isSosx":1,"variations":[],"themes":["Solar System"],"keywords":["Albedo","Astronomy","Enceladus","Moon","Saturn","Space"],"categories":{"Space":["Moons"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[{"title":"C2 Cause and Effect","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand that empirical evidence is required to differentiate between cause and correlation and to make claims about specific causes and effects. 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They represent scientific relationships through the use of algebraic expressions and equations"},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students can understand that systems may interact with other systems; they may have sub-systems and be a part of larger complex systems. They can use models to represent systems and their interactions—such as inputs, processes and outputs—and energy, matter, and information flows within systems. They can also learn that models are limited in that they only represent certain aspects of the system under study."},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students understand that a system is a group of related parts that make up a whole and can carry out functions its individual parts cannot. They can also describe a system in terms of its components and their interactions."},{"title":"C6 Structures and Functions","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students investigate systems by examining the properties of different materials, the structures of different components, and their interconnections to reveal the system’s function and/or solve a problem. They infer the functions and properties of natural and designed objects and systems from their overall structure, the way their components are shaped and used, and the molecular substructures of their various materials."},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students explain stability and change in natural or designed systems by examining changes over time, and considering forces at different scales, including the atomic scale. 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Students learn some systems appear stable, but over long periods of time they will eventually change."}],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[{"title":"ESS1.A The Universe and its Stars","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Stars range greatly in size and distance from Earth and this can explain their relative brightness."},{"title":"ESS1.A The Universe and its Stars","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The sun is just one of more than 200 billion stars in the Milky Way galaxy, and the Milky Way is just one of hundreds of billions of galaxies in the universe. The study of stars’ light spectra and brightness is used to identify compositional elements of stars, their movements, and their distances from Earth."},{"title":"ESS1.A The Universe and its Stars","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"The universe began with a period of extreme and rapid expansion known as the Big Bang. Earth and its solar system are part of the Milky Way galaxy, which is one of many galaxies in the universe."},{"title":"ESS1.B Earth and the Solar System","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Kepler’s laws describe common features of the motions of orbiting objects. Observations from astronomy and space probes provide evidence for explanations of solar system formation. Changes in Earth’s tilt and orbit cause climate changes such as Ice Ages"},{"title":"ESS1.B Earth and the Solar System","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"The solar system contains many varied objects held together by gravity. Solar system models explain and predict eclipses, tides, lunar phases, and seasons."},{"title":"ESS1.B Earth and the Solar System","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"The Earth’s orbit and rotation, and the orbit of the moon around the Earth cause observable patterns."},{"title":"ESS2.B Plate Tectonics & Large Scale Interactions","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Radioactive decay within Earth’s interior contributes to thermal convection in the mantle. Plate tectonics can be viewed as the surface expression of mantle convection."},{"title":"ESS2.B Plate Tectonics & Large Scale Interactions","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Plate tectonics is the unifying theory that explains movements of rocks at Earth’s surface and geological history. Maps are used to display evidence of plate movement."},{"title":"ESS2.B Plate Tectonics & Large Scale Interactions","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Earth’s physical features occur in patterns, as do earthquakes and volcanoes. Maps can be used to locate features and determine patterns in those events."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Natural hazards and other geological events have shaped the course of human history at local, regional, and global scales. Human activities can contribute to the frequency and intensity of some natural hazards."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Mapping the history of natural hazards in a region and understanding related geological forces can help forecast the locations and likelihoods of future events, such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and severe weather."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"A variety of hazards result from natural processes; humans cannot eliminate hazards but can reduce their impacts."},{"title":"PS2.A Forces and Motion","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Newton’s 2nd law (F=ma) and the conservation of momentum can be used to predict changes in the motion of macroscopic objects."},{"title":"PS2.A Forces and Motion","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"The role of the mass of an object must be qualitatively accounted for in any change of motion due to the application of a force."},{"title":"PS2.A Forces and Motion","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"The effect of unbalanced forces on an object results in a change of motion. 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These forces can be used to describe the relationship between electrical and magnetic fields."},{"title":"PS3.C Relationship between energy and forces","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Fields contain energy that depends on the arrangement of the objects in the field."},{"title":"PS3.C Relationship between energy and forces","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Fields contain energy that depends on the arrangement of the objects in the field."},{"title":"PS3.C Relationship between energy and forces","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"When two objects interact, each one exerts a force on the other, and these forces can transfer energy between them."}],"sciEngPractices":[]},"gradeRange":[3,12]},{"id":291,"name":"Energy Planet","fullText":"energy planet energy energy planet extras climate change human impacts renewable energy national renewable energy laboratory (nrel) national renewable energy laboratory (nrel) national renewable energy laboratory (nrel)","dateAdded":"2010-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"energy-planet","url":"/catalog/datasets/energy-planet","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/extras/energy_planet/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/extras/energy_planet/playlist.sos","isRealtime":0,"startDate":null,"endDate":null,"hasAudio":1,"isNarratedMovie":1,"isSos":1,"isSosx":1,"variations":[],"themes":["Climate Change","Human Impacts","Renewable Energy"],"keywords":["Energy","Energy Planet","Extras"],"categories":{"People":["Energy"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[{"title":"C2 Cause and Effect","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand that empirical evidence is required to differentiate between cause and correlation and to make claims about specific causes and effects. 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They also learn within a natural or designed system, the transfer of energy drives the motion and/or cycling of matter. Energy may take different forms (e.g. energy in fields, thermal energy, energy of motion). The transfer of energy can be tracked as energy flows through a designed or natural system."},{"title":"C5 Energy and Matter","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students learn matter is made of particles and energy can be transferred in various ways and between objects. Students observe the conservation of matter by tracking matter flows and cycles before and after processes and recognizing the total weight of substances does not change."},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand much of science deals with constructing explanations of how things change and how they remain stable. They quantify and model changes in systems over very short or very long periods of time. 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Some resources are renewable over time, others are not."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Sustainability of human societies and the biodiversity that supports them requires responsible management of natural resources, including the development of technologies that produce less pollution and waste and that preclude ecosystem degradation."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Human activities have altered the biosphere, sometimes damaging it, although changes to environments can have different impacts for different living things. Activities and technologies can be engineered to reduce people’s impacts on Earth."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Societal activities have had major effects on the land, ocean, atmosphere, and even outer space. Societal activities can also help protect Earth’s resources and environments."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Global climate models used to predict changes continue to be improved, although discoveries about the global climate system are ongoing and continually needed."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Human activities affect global warming. Decisions to reduce the impact of global warming depend on understanding climate science, engineering capabilities, and social dynamics."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"If Earth’s global mean temperature continues to rise, the lives of humans and other organisms will be affected in many different ways."},{"title":"LS2.B Cycles of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Photosynthesis and cellular respiration provide most of the energy for life processes. Only a fraction of matter consumed at the lower level of a food web is transferred up, resulting in fewer organisms at higher levels. At each link in an ecosystem elements are combined in different ways and matter and energy are conserved. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are key components of the global carbon cycle."},{"title":"LS2.B Cycles of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"The atoms that make up the organisms in an ecosystem are cycled repeatedly between the living and nonliving parts of the ecosystem. Food webs model how matter and energy are transferred among producers, consumers, and decomposers as the three groups interact within an ecosystem."},{"title":"LS2.B Cycles of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Matter cycles between the air and soil and among organisms as they live and die."},{"title":"LS4.D Biodiversity & Humans","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Populations of organisms live in a variety of habitats. Change in those habitats affects the organisms living there"},{"title":"LS4.D Biodiversity & Humans","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Changes in biodiversity can influence humans’ resources and ecosystem services they rely on."},{"title":"LS4.D Biodiversity & Humans","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Biodiversity is increased by formation of new species and reduced by extinction. Humans depend on biodiversity but also have adverse impacts on it. Sustaining biodiversity is essential to supporting life on Earth"},{"title":"PS1.B Chemical Reactions","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Reacting substances rearrange to form different molecules, but the number of atoms is conserved. Some reactions release energy and others absorb energy."},{"title":"PS1.B Chemical Reactions","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Chemical processes are understood in terms of collisions of molecules, rearrangement of atoms, and changes in energy as determined by properties of elements involved."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Moving objects contain energy. The faster the object moves, the more energy it has. Energy can be moved from place to place by moving objects, or through sound, light, or electrical currents. Energy can be converted from one form to another form."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The total energy within a system is conserved. Energy transfer within and between systems can be described and predicted in terms of energy associated with the motion or configuration of particles (objects)."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Kinetic energy can be distinguished from the various forms of potential energy. Energy changes to and from each type can be tracked through physical or chemical interactions. The relationship between the temperature and the total energy of a system depends on the types, states, and amounts of matter."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Moving objects contain energy. The faster the object moves, the more energy it has. Energy can be moved from place to place by moving objects, or through sound, light, or electrical currents. Energy can be converted from one form to another form."},{"title":"PS3.B Conservation of Energy and Energy Transfer","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Moving objects contain energy. The faster the object moves, the more energy it has. Energy can be moved from place to place by moving objects, or through sound, light, or electrical currents. Energy can be converted from one form to another form."},{"title":"PS3.B Conservation of Energy and Energy Transfer","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Kinetic energy can be distinguished from the various forms of potential energy. Energy changes to and from each type can be tracked through physical or chemical interactions. The relationship between the temperature and the total energy of a system depends on the types, states, and amounts of matter."},{"title":"PS3.B Conservation of Energy and Energy Transfer","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Systems move toward stable states."},{"title":"PS3.D Energy in Chemical Process and Everyday Life","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Photosynthesis is the primary biological means of capturing radiation from the sun; energy cannot be destroyed, it can be converted to less useful forms."},{"title":"PS3.D Energy in Chemical Process and Everyday Life","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Sunlight is captured by plants and used in a reaction to produce sugar molecules, which can be reversed by burning those molecules to release energy"},{"title":"PS3.D Energy in Chemical Process and Everyday Life","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Energy can be “produced,” “used,” or “released” by converting stored energy. Plants capture energy from sunlight, which can later be used as fuel or food."},{"title":"PS4.A Wave Properties","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The wavelength and frequency of a wave are related to one another by the speed of the wave, which depends on the type of wave and the medium through which it is passing. Waves can be used to transmit information and energy."},{"title":"PS4.B Electromagnetic Radiation","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Both an electromagnetic wave model and a photon model explain features of electromagnetic radiation broadly and describe common applications of electromagnetic radiation."},{"title":"PS4.B Electromagnetic Radiation","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"The construct of a wave is used to model how light interacts with objects."}],"sciEngPractices":[]},"gradeRange":[3,12]},{"id":297,"name":"Energy Revolution","fullText":"energy revolution energy energy revolution extras climate change human impacts renewable energy national renewable energy laboratory (nrel) national renewable energy laboratory (nrel) national renewable energy laboratory 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They use algebraic thinking to examine scientific data and predict the effect of a change in one variable on another (e.g., linear growth vs. exponential growth)."},{"title":"C3 Scale Proportion and Quantity","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students observe time, space, and energy phenomena at various scales using models to study systems that are too large or too small. They understand phenomena observed at one scale may not be observable at another scale, and the function of natural and designed systems may change with scale. They use proportional relationships (e.g., speed as the ratio of distance traveled to time taken) to gather information about the magnitude of properties and processes. They represent scientific relationships through the use of algebraic expressions and equations"},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students can understand that systems may interact with other systems; they may have sub-systems and be a part of larger complex systems. They can use models to represent systems and their interactions—such as inputs, processes and outputs—and energy, matter, and information flows within systems. They can also learn that models are limited in that they only represent certain aspects of the system under study."},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students understand that a system is a group of related parts that make up a whole and can carry out functions its individual parts cannot. They can also describe a system in terms of its components and their interactions."},{"title":"C6 Structures and Functions","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students investigate systems by examining the properties of different materials, the structures of different components, and their interconnections to reveal the system’s function and/or solve a problem. They infer the functions and properties of natural and designed objects and systems from their overall structure, the way their components are shaped and used, and the molecular substructures of their various materials."},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students explain stability and change in natural or designed systems by examining changes over time, and considering forces at different scales, including the atomic scale. Students learn changes in one part of a system might cause large changes in another part, systems in dynamic equilibrium are stable due to a balance of feedback mechanisms, and stability might be disturbed by either sudden events or gradual changes that accumulate over time"},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students measure change in terms of differences over time, and observe that change may occur at different rates. 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Systems may evolve in unpredictable ways when the outcome depends sensitively on the starting condition and the starting condition cannot be specified precisely enough to distinguish between different possible outcomes."},{"title":"PS4.A Wave Properties","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The wavelength and frequency of a wave are related to one another by the speed of the wave, which depends on the type of wave and the medium through which it is passing. 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These forces can be used to describe the relationship between electrical and magnetic fields."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The total energy within a system is conserved. Energy transfer within and between systems can be described and predicted in terms of energy associated with the motion or configuration of particles (objects)."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Kinetic energy can be distinguished from the various forms of potential energy. Energy changes to and from each type can be tracked through physical or chemical interactions. The relationship between the temperature and the total energy of a system depends on the types, states, and amounts of matter."},{"title":"PS3.C Relationship between energy and forces","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Fields contain energy that depends on the arrangement of the objects in the field."},{"title":"PS3.C Relationship between energy and forces","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Fields contain energy that depends on the arrangement of the objects in the field."},{"title":"PS3.C Relationship between energy and forces","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"When two objects interact, each one exerts a force on the other, and these forces can transfer energy between them."}],"sciEngPractices":[]},"gradeRange":[0,12]},{"id":632,"name":"Experience: Ocean Adventure","fullText":"experience: ocean adventure coral coral bleaching coral reefs marine ecosystems marine science ocean ocean exploration noaa / global systems laboratory (gsl)","dateAdded":"2016-09-21T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"experience-ocean-adventure","url":"/catalog/datasets/experience-ocean-adventure","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/terraviz/okeanos-rov/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"","isRealtime":0,"startDate":null,"endDate":null,"hasAudio":false,"isNarratedMovie":0,"isSos":0,"isSosx":1,"variations":[],"themes":[],"keywords":["Coral","Coral Bleaching","Coral Reefs","Marine Ecosystems","Marine Science","Ocean","Ocean Exploration"],"categories":{"Water":["Exploration","Ocean Monitoring"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[{"title":"C1 Patterns","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students observe patterns in systems at different scales and cite patterns as empirical evidence for causality in supporting their explanations of phenomena. 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They understand events that occur together with regularity might or might not signify a cause and effect relationship"},{"title":"C2 Cause and Effect","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Students learn that events have causes that generate observable patterns. They design simple tests to gather evidence to support or refute their own ideas about causes."},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students can investigate or analyze a system by defining its boundaries and initial conditions, as well as its inputs and outputs. They can use models (e.g., physical, mathematical, computer models) to simulate the flow of energy, matter, and interactions within and between systems at different scales. They can also use models and simulations to predict the behavior of a system, and recognize that these predictions have limited precision and reliability due to the assumptions and approximations inherent in the models. They can also design systems to do specific tasks."},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students can understand that systems may interact with other systems; they may have sub-systems and be a part of larger complex systems. They can use models to represent systems and their interactions—such as inputs, processes and outputs—and energy, matter, and information flows within systems. They can also learn that models are limited in that they only represent certain aspects of the system under study."},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students understand that a system is a group of related parts that make up a whole and can carry out functions its individual parts cannot. They can also describe a system in terms of its components and their interactions."},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Students understand objects and organisms can be described in terms of their parts; and systems in the natural and designed world have parts that work together."},{"title":"C5 Energy and Matter","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students learn matter is made of particles and energy can be transferred in various ways and between objects. Students observe the conservation of matter by tracking matter flows and cycles before and after processes and recognizing the total weight of substances does not change."},{"title":"C5 Energy and Matter","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Students observe objects may break into smaller pieces, be put together into larger pieces, or change shapes."},{"title":"C6 Structures and Functions","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students investigate systems by examining the properties of different materials, the structures of different components, and their interconnections to reveal the system’s function and/or solve a problem. They infer the functions and properties of natural and designed objects and systems from their overall structure, the way their components are shaped and used, and the molecular substructures of their various materials."},{"title":"C6 Structures and Functions","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students model complex and microscopic structures and systems and visualize how their function depends on the shapes, composition, and relationships among its parts. They analyze many complex natural and designed structures and systems to determine how they function. They design structures to serve particular functions by taking into account properties of different materials, and how materials can be shaped and used."},{"title":"C6 Structures and Functions","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students learn different materials have different substructures, which can sometimes be observed; and substructures have shapes and parts that serve functions."},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand much of science deals with constructing explanations of how things change and how they remain stable. They quantify and model changes in systems over very short or very long periods of time. They see some changes are irreversible, and negative feedback can stabilize a system, while positive feedback can destabilize it. They recognize systems can be designed for greater or lesser stability"},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand much of science deals with constructing explanations of how things change and how they remain stable. They quantify and model changes in systems over very short or very long periods of time. They see some changes are irreversible, and negative feedback can stabilize a system, while positive feedback can destabilize it. They recognize systems can be designed for greater or lesser stability"},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students explain stability and change in natural or designed systems by examining changes over time, and considering forces at different scales, including the atomic scale. Students learn changes in one part of a system might cause large changes in another part, systems in dynamic equilibrium are stable due to a balance of feedback mechanisms, and stability might be disturbed by either sudden events or gradual changes that accumulate over time"},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students measure change in terms of differences over time, and observe that change may occur at different rates. Students learn some systems appear stable, but over long periods of time they will eventually change."},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Students observe some things stay the same while other things change, and things may change slowly or rapidly."}],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[{"title":"ESS2.E Biogeology","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The biosphere and Earth’s other systems have many interconnections that cause a continual co-evolution of Earth’s surface and life on it"},{"title":"ESS2.E Biogeology","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Evolution is shaped by Earth’s varying geological conditions. Sudden changes in conditions (e.g., meteor impacts, major volcanic eruptions) have caused mass extinctions, but these changes, as well as more gradual ones, have ultimately allowed other life forms to flourish, which have in turn changed the rates of weathering and erosion of land surfaces, altered the composition of Earth’s soils and atmosphere, and affected the distribution of water in the hydrosphere."},{"title":"ESS2.E Biogeology","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Living things can affect the physical characteristics of their environment."},{"title":"ESS2.E Biogeology","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Plants and animals can change their local environment."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Sustainability of human societies and the biodiversity that supports them requires responsible management of natural resources, including the development of technologies that produce less pollution and waste and that preclude ecosystem degradation."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Human activities have altered the biosphere, sometimes damaging it, although changes to environments can have different impacts for different living things. Activities and technologies can be engineered to reduce people’s impacts on Earth."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Societal activities have had major effects on the land, ocean, atmosphere, and even outer space. Societal activities can also help protect Earth’s resources and environments."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Things people do can affect the environment but they can make choices to reduce their impacts."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Global climate models used to predict changes continue to be improved, although discoveries about the global climate system are ongoing and continually needed."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Human activities affect global warming. Decisions to reduce the impact of global warming depend on understanding climate science, engineering capabilities, and social dynamics."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"If Earth’s global mean temperature continues to rise, the lives of humans and other organisms will be affected in many different ways."},{"title":"LS1.A Structure and Function","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Systems of specialized cells within organisms help perform essential functions of life. Any one system in an organism is made up of numerous parts. Feedback mechanisms maintain an organism’s internal conditions within certain limits and mediate behaviors."},{"title":"LS1.A Structure and Function","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"All living things are made up of cells. In organisms, cells work together to form tissues and organs that are specialized for particular body functions"},{"title":"LS1.A Structure and Function","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Organisms have both internal and external macroscopic structures that allow for growth, survival, behavior, and reproduction."},{"title":"LS1.A Structure and Function","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"All organisms have external parts that they use to perform daily functions."},{"title":"LS2.A Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"The food of almost any animal can be traced back to plants. Organisms are related in food webs in which some animals eat plants for food and other animals eat the animals that eat plants, while decomposers restore some materials back to the soil."},{"title":"LS2.A Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Plants depend on water and light to grow, and also depend on animals for pollination or to move their seeds around."},{"title":"LS2.A Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Organisms and populations are dependent on their environmental interactions both with other living things and with nonliving factors, any of which can limit their growth. Competitive, predatory, and mutually beneficial interactions vary across ecosystems but the patterns are shared."},{"title":"LS2.A Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Ecosystems have carrying capacities resulting from biotic and abiotic factors. The fundamental tension between resource availability and organism populations affects the abundance of species in any given ecosystem."},{"title":"LS2.C Ecosystem Dynamics, Functioning and Resilience","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"If a biological or physical disturbance to an ecosystem occurs, including one induced by human activity, the ecosystem may return to its more or less original state or become a very different ecosystem, depending on the complex set of interactions within the ecosystem"},{"title":"LS2.C Ecosystem Dynamics, Functioning and Resilience","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"When the environment changes some organisms survive and reproduce, some move to new locations, some move into the transformed environment, and some die."},{"title":"LS2.C Ecosystem Dynamics, Functioning and Resilience","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"When the environment changes some organisms survive and reproduce, some move to new locations, some move into the transformed environment, and some die."},{"title":"LS2.C Ecosystem Dynamics, Functioning and Resilience","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Ecosystem characteristics vary over time. Disruptions to any part of an ecosystem can lead to shifts in all of its populations. The completeness or integrity of an ecosystem’s biodiversity is often used as a measure of its health."},{"title":"LS4.B Natural Selection","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Natural selection occurs only if there is variation in the genes and traits between organisms in a population. Traits that positively affect survival can become more common in a population."},{"title":"LS4.B Natural Selection","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Both natural and artificial selection result from certain traits giving some individuals an advantage in surviving and reproducing, leading to predominance of certain traits in a population."},{"title":"LS4.B Natural Selection","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Differences in characteristics between individuals of the same species provide advantages in surviving and reproducing."},{"title":"LS4.C Adaptation","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Evolution results primarily from genetic variation of individuals in a species, competition for resources, and proliferation of organisms better able to survive and reproduce. Adaptation means that the distribution of traits in a population, as well as species expansion, emergence or extinction, can change when conditions change."},{"title":"LS4.C Adaptation","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Species can change over time in response to changes in environmental conditions through adaptation by natural selection acting over generations. Traits that support successful survival and reproduction in the new environment become more common."},{"title":"LS4.D Biodiversity & Humans","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"A range of different organisms lives in different places"},{"title":"LS4.D Biodiversity & Humans","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Populations of organisms live in a variety of habitats. 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They identify patterns related to time, including simple rates of change and cycles, and to use these patterns to make predictions."},{"title":"C3 Scale Proportion and Quantity","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students observe time, space, and energy phenomena at various scales using models to study systems that are too large or too small. They understand phenomena observed at one scale may not be observable at another scale, and the function of natural and designed systems may change with scale. They use proportional relationships (e.g., speed as the ratio of distance traveled to time taken) to gather information about the magnitude of properties and processes. They represent scientific relationships through the use of algebraic expressions and equations"},{"title":"C2 Cause and Effect","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students classify relationships as causal or correlational, and recognize that correlation does not necessarily imply causation. They use cause and effect relationships to predict phenomena in natural or designed systems. They also understand that phenomena may have more than one cause, and some cause and effect relationships in systems can only be described using probability."},{"title":"C1 Patterns","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students recognize that macroscopic patterns are related to the nature of microscopic and atomic-level structure. They identify patterns in rates of change and other numerical relationships that provide information about natural and human designed systems. They use patterns to identify cause and effect relationships, and use graphs and charts to identify patterns in data."},{"title":"C5 Energy and Matter","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students learn matter is conserved because atoms are conserved in physical and chemical processes. They also learn within a natural or designed system, the transfer of energy drives the motion and/or cycling of matter. Energy may take different forms (e.g. energy in fields, thermal energy, energy of motion). The transfer of energy can be tracked as energy flows through a designed or natural system."},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students can understand that systems may interact with other systems; they may have sub-systems and be a part of larger complex systems. They can use models to represent systems and their interactions—such as inputs, processes and outputs—and energy, matter, and information flows within systems. They can also learn that models are limited in that they only represent certain aspects of the system under study."},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students explain stability and change in natural or designed systems by examining changes over time, and considering forces at different scales, including the atomic scale. Students learn changes in one part of a system might cause large changes in another part, systems in dynamic equilibrium are stable due to a balance of feedback mechanisms, and stability might be disturbed by either sudden events or gradual changes that accumulate over time"},{"title":"C2 Cause and Effect","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand that empirical evidence is required to differentiate between cause and correlation and to make claims about specific causes and effects. They suggest cause and effect relationships to explain and predict behaviors in complex natural and designed systems. They also propose causal relationships by examining what is known about smaller scale mechanisms within the system. They recognize changes in systems may have various causes that may not have equal effects."},{"title":"C5 Energy and Matter","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students learn that the total amount of energy and matter in closed systems is conserved. They can describe changes of energy and matter in a system in terms of energy and matter flows into, out of, and within that system. They also learn that energy cannot be created or destroyed. It only moves between one place and another place, between objects and/or fields, or between systems. Energy drives the cycling of matter within and between systems. In nuclear processes, atoms are not conserved, but the total number of protons plus neutrons is conserved."},{"title":"C6 Structures and Functions","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students investigate systems by examining the properties of different materials, the structures of different components, and their interconnections to reveal the system’s function and/or solve a problem. They infer the functions and properties of natural and designed objects and systems from their overall structure, the way their components are shaped and used, and the molecular substructures of their various materials."},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand much of science deals with constructing explanations of how things change and how they remain stable. They quantify and model changes in systems over very short or very long periods of time. They see some changes are irreversible, and negative feedback can stabilize a system, while positive feedback can destabilize it. They recognize systems can be designed for greater or lesser stability"}],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[{"title":"PS4.C Information Technologies and Instrumentation","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Patterns can encode, send, receive and decode information."},{"title":"PS4.B Electromagnetic Radiation","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Object can be seen when light reflected from their surface enters our eyes"},{"title":"PS4.A Wave Properties","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Waves are regular patterns of motion, which can be made in water by disturbing the surface. Waves of the same type can differ in amplitude and wavelength. Waves can make objects move."},{"title":"LS4.D Biodiversity & Humans","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Populations of organisms live in a variety of habitats. Change in those habitats affects the organisms living there"},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Societal activities have had major effects on the land, ocean, atmosphere, and even outer space. Societal activities can also help protect Earth’s resources and environments."},{"title":"ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth's Processes","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Most of Earth’s water is in the ocean and much of the Earth’s fresh water is in glaciers or underground."},{"title":"ESS2.B Plate Tectonics & Large Scale Interactions","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Earth’s physical features occur in patterns, as do earthquakes and volcanoes. Maps can be used to locate features and determine patterns in those events."},{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Four major Earth systems interact. Rainfall helps to shape the land and affects the types of living things found in a region. Water, ice, wind, organisms, and gravity break rocks, soils, and sediments into smaller pieces and move them around"},{"title":"ESS1.C The History of Planet Earth","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Certain features on Earth can be used to order events that have occurred in a landscape."},{"title":"PS4.C Information Technologies and Instrumentation","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"People use devices to send and receive information."},{"title":"PS4.B Electromagnetic Radiation","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Objects can be seen only when light is available to illuminate them."},{"title":"LS4.D Biodiversity & Humans","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"A range of different organisms lives in different places"},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Things people do can affect the environment but they can make choices to reduce their impacts."},{"title":"ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth's Processes","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Water is found in many types of places and in different forms on Earth"},{"title":"ESS2.B Plate Tectonics & Large Scale Interactions","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Maps show where things are located. One can map the shapes and kinds of land and water in any area."},{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Wind and water change the shape of the land"},{"title":"ESS1.C The History of Planet Earth","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Some events on Earth occur very quickly; others can occur very slowly."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Human activities have altered the biosphere, sometimes damaging it, although changes to environments can have different impacts for different living things. Activities and technologies can be engineered to reduce people’s impacts on Earth."},{"title":"LS4.D Biodiversity & Humans","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Changes in biodiversity can influence humans’ resources and ecosystem services they rely on."},{"title":"ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth's Processes","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Water cycles among land, ocean, and atmosphere, and is propelled by sunlight and gravity. Density variations of sea water drive interconnected ocean currents. Water movement causes weathering and erosion, changing landscape features."},{"title":"ESS2.B Plate Tectonics & Large Scale Interactions","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Plate tectonics is the unifying theory that explains movements of rocks at Earth’s surface and geological history. Maps are used to display evidence of plate movement."},{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Energy flows and matter cycles within and among Earth’s systems, including the sun and Earth’s interior as primary energy sources. Plate tectonics is one result of these processes."},{"title":"ESS1.C The History of Planet Earth","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Rock strata and the fossil record can be used as evidence to organize the relative occurrence of major historical events in Earth’s history."},{"title":"PS4.A Wave Properties","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"A simple wave model has a repeating pattern with a specific wavelength, frequency, and amplitude, and mechanical waves need a medium through which they are transmitted. This model can explain many phenomena including sound and light. Waves can transmit energy"},{"title":"PS4.C Information Technologies and Instrumentation","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Waves can be used to transmit digital information. Digitized information is comprised of a pattern of 1s and 0s."},{"title":"PS4.B Electromagnetic Radiation","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"The construct of a wave is used to model how light interacts with objects."},{"title":"ESS1.C The History of Planet Earth","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The rock record resulting from tectonic and other geoscience processes as well as objects from the solar system can provide evidence of Earth’s early history and the relative ages of major geologic formations."},{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Feedback effects exist within and among Earth’s systems.The geological record shows that changes to global and regional climate can be caused by interactions among changes in the sun’s energy output or Earth’s orbit, tectonic events, ocean circulation, volcanic activity, glaciers, vegetation, and human activities."},{"title":"ESS2.B Plate Tectonics & Large Scale Interactions","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Radioactive decay within Earth’s interior contributes to thermal convection in the mantle. Plate tectonics can be viewed as the surface expression of mantle convection."},{"title":"ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth's Processes","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The planet’s dynamics are greatly influenced by water’s unique chemical and physical properties."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Sustainability of human societies and the biodiversity that supports them requires responsible management of natural resources, including the development of technologies that produce less pollution and waste and that preclude ecosystem degradation."},{"title":"LS4.D Biodiversity & Humans","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Biodiversity is increased by formation of new species and reduced by extinction. Humans depend on biodiversity but also have adverse impacts on it. Sustaining biodiversity is essential to supporting life on Earth"},{"title":"PS4.A Wave Properties","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The wavelength and frequency of a wave are related to one another by the speed of the wave, which depends on the type of wave and the medium through which it is passing. Waves can be used to transmit information and energy."},{"title":"PS4.B Electromagnetic Radiation","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Both an electromagnetic wave model and a photon model explain features of electromagnetic radiation broadly and describe common applications of electromagnetic radiation."},{"title":"PS4.C Information Technologies and Instrumentation","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Large amounts of information can be stored and shipped around as a result of being digitized."}],"sciEngPractices":[]},"gradeRange":[0,12]},{"id":486,"name":"Extreme Weather","fullText":"extreme weather climate extras extreme weather severe weather climate change human impacts natural disasters aquarium of the pacific aquarium of the pacific aquarium of the pacific","dateAdded":"2014-09-24T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"extreme-weather","url":"/catalog/datasets/extreme-weather","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/extras/extreme_weather/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/extras/extreme_weather/playlist.sos","isRealtime":0,"startDate":null,"endDate":null,"hasAudio":1,"isNarratedMovie":1,"isSos":1,"isSosx":0,"variations":[],"themes":["Climate Change","Human Impacts","Natural Disasters"],"keywords":["Climate","Extras","Extreme Weather","Severe Weather"],"categories":{"Air":["Temperature Change","Weather"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[],"sciEngPractices":[]}},{"id":305,"name":"Facebook Friendships","fullText":"facebook friendships communication extras facebook friendships globalization media social media facebook facebook facebook","dateAdded":"2011-04-01T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"facebook-friendships","url":"/catalog/datasets/facebook-friendships","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/extras/facebook/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/extras/facebook/playlist.sos","isRealtime":0,"startDate":null,"endDate":null,"hasAudio":false,"isNarratedMovie":0,"isSos":1,"isSosx":1,"variations":[{"name":"Facebook Friendships (with label)","hasAudio":0,"isTranslated":null,"playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/extras/facebook/playlist_label.sos"}],"themes":[],"keywords":["Communication","Extras","Facebook","Friendships","Globalization","Media","Social Media"],"categories":{"People":["Communication"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[{"title":"C1 Patterns","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Children recognize that patterns in the natural and human designed world can be observed, used to describe phenomena, and used as evidence"},{"title":"C1 Patterns","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students observe patterns in systems at different scales and cite patterns as empirical evidence for causality in supporting their explanations of phenomena. They recognize classifications or explanations used at one scale may not be useful or need revision using a different scale; thus requiring improved investigations and experiments. They use mathematical representations to identify certain patterns and analyze patterns of performance in order to re-engineer and improve a designed system."},{"title":"C1 Patterns","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students recognize that macroscopic patterns are related to the nature of microscopic and atomic-level structure. They identify patterns in rates of change and other numerical relationships that provide information about natural and human designed systems. They use patterns to identify cause and effect relationships, and use graphs and charts to identify patterns in data."},{"title":"C1 Patterns","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students identify similarities and differences in order to sort and classify natural objects and designed products. They identify patterns related to time, including simple rates of change and cycles, and to use these patterns to make predictions."},{"title":"C1 Patterns","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Children recognize that patterns in the natural and human designed world can be observed, used to describe phenomena, and used as evidence"},{"title":"C2 Cause and Effect","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand that empirical evidence is required to differentiate between cause and correlation and to make claims about specific causes and effects. They suggest cause and effect relationships to explain and predict behaviors in complex natural and designed systems. They also propose causal relationships by examining what is known about smaller scale mechanisms within the system. They recognize changes in systems may have various causes that may not have equal effects."},{"title":"C2 Cause and Effect","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students classify relationships as causal or correlational, and recognize that correlation does not necessarily imply causation. They use cause and effect relationships to predict phenomena in natural or designed systems. They also understand that phenomena may have more than one cause, and some cause and effect relationships in systems can only be described using probability."},{"title":"C2 Cause and Effect","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students routinely identify and test causal relationships and use these relationships to explain change. They understand events that occur together with regularity might or might not signify a cause and effect relationship"},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students can investigate or analyze a system by defining its boundaries and initial conditions, as well as its inputs and outputs. They can use models (e.g., physical, mathematical, computer models) to simulate the flow of energy, matter, and interactions within and between systems at different scales. They can also use models and simulations to predict the behavior of a system, and recognize that these predictions have limited precision and reliability due to the assumptions and approximations inherent in the models. They can also design systems to do specific tasks."},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students can understand that systems may interact with other systems; they may have sub-systems and be a part of larger complex systems. They can use models to represent systems and their interactions—such as inputs, processes and outputs—and energy, matter, and information flows within systems. They can also learn that models are limited in that they only represent certain aspects of the system under study."},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students understand that a system is a group of related parts that make up a whole and can carry out functions its individual parts cannot. They can also describe a system in terms of its components and their interactions."},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Students understand objects and organisms can be described in terms of their parts; and systems in the natural and designed world have parts that work together."}],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[{"title":"LS2.D Social interactions and Group Behaviour","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Being part of a group helps animals obtain food, defend themselves, and cope with changes."},{"title":"LS2.D Social interactions and Group Behaviour","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Group behavior has evolved because membership can increase the chances of survival for individuals and their genetic relatives."},{"title":"PS4.A Wave Properties","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"A simple wave model has a repeating pattern with a specific wavelength, frequency, and amplitude, and mechanical waves need a medium through which they are transmitted. This model can explain many phenomena including sound and light. Waves can transmit energy"},{"title":"PS4.B Electromagnetic Radiation","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Both an electromagnetic wave model and a photon model explain features of electromagnetic radiation broadly and describe common applications of electromagnetic radiation."},{"title":"PS4.B Electromagnetic Radiation","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"The construct of a wave is used to model how light interacts with objects."},{"title":"PS4.C Information Technologies and Instrumentation","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Large amounts of information can be stored and shipped around as a result of being digitized."},{"title":"PS4.C Information Technologies and Instrumentation","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Waves can be used to transmit digital information. Digitized information is comprised of a pattern of 1s and 0s."},{"title":"PS4.C Information Technologies and Instrumentation","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Patterns can encode, send, receive and decode information."},{"title":"PS4.C Information Technologies and Instrumentation","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"People use devices to send and receive information."}],"sciEngPractices":[]},"gradeRange":[0,12]},{"id":375,"name":"Fire Observations and Vegetation - 2002 - 2011","fullText":"fire observations and vegetation - 2002 - 2011 aerosols agriculture air quality biomass fires grassland land slash and burn nasa / goddard space flight center (gsfc) nasa / goddard space flight center (gsfc) / scientific visualization studio (svs) nasa / goddard space flight center (gsfc) / scientific visualization studio (svs)","dateAdded":"2013-02-11T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"fire-observations-and-vegetation-2002-2011","url":"/catalog/datasets/fire-observations-and-vegetation-2002-2011","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/land/fire_veg/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/land/fire_veg/playlist.sos","isRealtime":0,"startDate":"2002-07-01T00:00:00.000Z","endDate":"2011-08-31T00:00:00.000Z","hasAudio":true,"isNarratedMovie":0,"isSos":1,"isSosx":0,"variations":[{"name":"Fire Observations and Vegetation (with audio) - 2002 - 2011","hasAudio":1,"isTranslated":null,"playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/land/fire_veg/playlist_audio.sos"}],"themes":[],"keywords":["Aerosols","Agriculture","Air Quality","Biomass","Fires","Grassland","Land","Slash and Burn"],"categories":{"Land":["Fire","Human Impact"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[],"sciEngPractices":[]}},{"id":624,"name":"Fires - Real-time","fullText":"fires - real-time fires forest fire human activity human impacts natural disasters noaa national environmental satellite, data, and information service (nesdis) noaa national environmental satellite, data, and information service (nesdis)","dateAdded":"2016-09-21T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"fires-real-time","url":"/catalog/datasets/fires-real-time","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/rt/fire/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/rt/noaa/fire/playlist/playlist.sos","isRealtime":1,"startDate":null,"endDate":null,"hasAudio":false,"isNarratedMovie":0,"isSos":1,"isSosx":1,"variations":[],"themes":["Human Impacts","Natural Disasters"],"keywords":["Fires","Forest Fire","Human Activity"],"categories":{"Land":["Fire","Human Impact","Agriculture"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[{"title":"C1 Patterns","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students observe patterns in systems at different scales and cite patterns as empirical evidence for causality in supporting their explanations of phenomena. They recognize classifications or explanations used at one scale may not be useful or need revision using a different scale; thus requiring improved investigations and experiments. They use mathematical representations to identify certain patterns and analyze patterns of performance in order to re-engineer and improve a designed system."},{"title":"C1 Patterns","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students recognize that macroscopic patterns are related to the nature of microscopic and atomic-level structure. They identify patterns in rates of change and other numerical relationships that provide information about natural and human designed systems. They use patterns to identify cause and effect relationships, and use graphs and charts to identify patterns in data."},{"title":"C1 Patterns","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students identify similarities and differences in order to sort and classify natural objects and designed products. They identify patterns related to time, including simple rates of change and cycles, and to use these patterns to make predictions."},{"title":"C2 Cause and Effect","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand that empirical evidence is required to differentiate between cause and correlation and to make claims about specific causes and effects. They suggest cause and effect relationships to explain and predict behaviors in complex natural and designed systems. They also propose causal relationships by examining what is known about smaller scale mechanisms within the system. They recognize changes in systems may have various causes that may not have equal effects."},{"title":"C2 Cause and Effect","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students classify relationships as causal or correlational, and recognize that correlation does not necessarily imply causation. They use cause and effect relationships to predict phenomena in natural or designed systems. They also understand that phenomena may have more than one cause, and some cause and effect relationships in systems can only be described using probability."},{"title":"C2 Cause and Effect","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students routinely identify and test causal relationships and use these relationships to explain change. They understand events that occur together with regularity might or might not signify a cause and effect relationship"},{"title":"C2 Cause and Effect","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Students learn that events have causes that generate observable patterns. They design simple tests to gather evidence to support or refute their own ideas about causes."},{"title":"C3 Scale Proportion and Quantity","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand the significance of a phenomenon is dependent on the scale, proportion, and quantity at which it occurs. They recognize patterns observable at one scale may not be observable or exist at other scales, and some systems can only be studied indirectly as they are too small, too large, too fast, or too slow to observe directly. Students use orders of magnitude to understand how a model at one scale relates to a model at another scale. They use algebraic thinking to examine scientific data and predict the effect of a change in one variable on another (e.g., linear growth vs. exponential growth)."},{"title":"C3 Scale Proportion and Quantity","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students recognize natural objects and observable phenomena exist from the very small to the immensely large. They use standard units to measure and describe physical quantities such as weight, time, temperature, and volume."},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students can understand that systems may interact with other systems; they may have sub-systems and be a part of larger complex systems. They can use models to represent systems and their interactions—such as inputs, processes and outputs—and energy, matter, and information flows within systems. They can also learn that models are limited in that they only represent certain aspects of the system under study."},{"title":"C5 Energy and Matter","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students learn that the total amount of energy and matter in closed systems is conserved. They can describe changes of energy and matter in a system in terms of energy and matter flows into, out of, and within that system. They also learn that energy cannot be created or destroyed. It only moves between one place and another place, between objects and/or fields, or between systems. Energy drives the cycling of matter within and between systems. In nuclear processes, atoms are not conserved, but the total number of protons plus neutrons is conserved."},{"title":"C5 Energy and Matter","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students learn matter is conserved because atoms are conserved in physical and chemical processes. They also learn within a natural or designed system, the transfer of energy drives the motion and/or cycling of matter. Energy may take different forms (e.g. energy in fields, thermal energy, energy of motion). The transfer of energy can be tracked as energy flows through a designed or natural system."},{"title":"C5 Energy and Matter","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students learn matter is made of particles and energy can be transferred in various ways and between objects. Students observe the conservation of matter by tracking matter flows and cycles before and after processes and recognizing the total weight of substances does not change."}],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[{"title":"ESS3.A Natural Resources","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Resource availability has guided the development of human society and use of natural resources has associated costs, risks, and\r\nbenefits."},{"title":"ESS3.A Natural Resources","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Humans depend on Earth’s land, ocean, atmosphere, and biosphere for different resources, many of which are limited or not renewable. Resources are distributed unevenly around the planet as a result of past geologic processes"},{"title":"ESS3.A Natural Resources","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Energy and fuels humans use are derived from natural sources and their use affects the environment. Some resources are renewable over time, others are not."},{"title":"ESS3.A Natural Resources","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Living things need water, air, and resources from the land, and they live in places that have the things they need. Humans use natural resources for everything they do."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Natural hazards and other geological events have shaped the course of human history at local, regional, and global scales. Human activities can contribute to the frequency and intensity of some natural hazards."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Mapping the history of natural hazards in a region and understanding related geological forces can help forecast the locations and likelihoods of future events, such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and severe weather."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"A variety of hazards result from natural processes; humans cannot eliminate hazards but can reduce their impacts."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"In a region, some kinds of severe weather are more likely than others. Forecasts allow communities to prepare for severe weather."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Sustainability of human societies and the biodiversity that supports them requires responsible management of natural resources, including the development of technologies that produce less pollution and waste and that preclude ecosystem degradation."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Human activities have altered the biosphere, sometimes damaging it, although changes to environments can have different impacts for different living things. Activities and technologies can be engineered to reduce people’s impacts on Earth."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Societal activities have had major effects on the land, ocean, atmosphere, and even outer space. Societal activities can also help protect Earth’s resources and environments."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Things people do can affect the environment but they can make choices to reduce their impacts."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Global climate models used to predict changes continue to be improved, although discoveries about the global climate system are ongoing and continually needed."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Human activities affect global warming. Decisions to reduce the impact of global warming depend on understanding climate science, engineering capabilities, and social dynamics."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"If Earth’s global mean temperature continues to rise, the lives of humans and other organisms will be affected in many different ways."},{"title":"LS2.A Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"The food of almost any animal can be traced back to plants. Organisms are related in food webs in which some animals eat plants for food and other animals eat the animals that eat plants, while decomposers restore some materials back to the soil."},{"title":"LS2.A Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Plants depend on water and light to grow, and also depend on animals for pollination or to move their seeds around."},{"title":"LS2.A Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Organisms and populations are dependent on their environmental interactions both with other living things and with nonliving factors, any of which can limit their growth. Competitive, predatory, and mutually beneficial interactions vary across ecosystems but the patterns are shared."},{"title":"LS2.A Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Ecosystems have carrying capacities resulting from biotic and abiotic factors. The fundamental tension between resource availability and organism populations affects the abundance of species in any given ecosystem."},{"title":"LS2.B Cycles of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Photosynthesis and cellular respiration provide most of the energy for life processes. Only a fraction of matter consumed at the lower level of a food web is transferred up, resulting in fewer organisms at higher levels. At each link in an ecosystem elements are combined in different ways and matter and energy are conserved. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are key components of the global carbon cycle."},{"title":"LS2.B Cycles of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"The atoms that make up the organisms in an ecosystem are cycled repeatedly between the living and nonliving parts of the ecosystem. Food webs model how matter and energy are transferred among producers, consumers, and decomposers as the three groups interact within an ecosystem."},{"title":"LS2.B Cycles of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Matter cycles between the air and soil and among organisms as they live and die."},{"title":"LS2.B Cycles of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Organisms obtain the materials they need to grow and survive from the environment. Many of these materials come from organisms and are used again by other organisms"},{"title":"LS2.C Ecosystem Dynamics, Functioning and Resilience","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"If a biological or physical disturbance to an ecosystem occurs, including one induced by human activity, the ecosystem may return to its more or less original state or become a very different ecosystem, depending on the complex set of interactions within the ecosystem"},{"title":"LS2.C Ecosystem Dynamics, Functioning and Resilience","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"When the environment changes some organisms survive and reproduce, some move to new locations, some move into the transformed environment, and some die."},{"title":"LS2.C Ecosystem Dynamics, Functioning and Resilience","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"When the environment changes some organisms survive and reproduce, some move to new locations, some move into the transformed environment, and some die."},{"title":"LS2.C Ecosystem Dynamics, Functioning and Resilience","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Ecosystem characteristics vary over time. Disruptions to any part of an ecosystem can lead to shifts in all of its populations. The completeness or integrity of an ecosystem’s biodiversity is often used as a measure of its health."},{"title":"PS1.B Chemical Reactions","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Reacting substances rearrange to form different molecules, but the number of atoms is conserved. Some reactions release energy and others absorb energy."},{"title":"PS1.B Chemical Reactions","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Chemical processes are understood in terms of collisions of molecules, rearrangement of atoms, and changes in energy as determined by properties of elements involved."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Moving objects contain energy. The faster the object moves, the more energy it has. Energy can be moved from place to place by moving objects, or through sound, light, or electrical currents. Energy can be converted from one form to another form."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The total energy within a system is conserved. Energy transfer within and between systems can be described and predicted in terms of energy associated with the motion or configuration of particles (objects)."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Kinetic energy can be distinguished from the various forms of potential energy. Energy changes to and from each type can be tracked through physical or chemical interactions. The relationship between the temperature and the total energy of a system depends on the types, states, and amounts of matter."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Moving objects contain energy. The faster the object moves, the more energy it has. Energy can be moved from place to place by moving objects, or through sound, light, or electrical currents. Energy can be converted from one form to another form."},{"title":"PS3.B Conservation of Energy and Energy Transfer","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Systems move toward stable states."},{"title":"PS3.C Relationship between energy and forces","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Fields contain energy that depends on the arrangement of the objects in the field."},{"title":"PS3.C Relationship between energy and forces","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Fields contain energy that depends on the arrangement of the objects in the field."},{"title":"PS3.C Relationship between energy and forces","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"When two objects interact, each one exerts a force on the other, and these forces can transfer energy between them."},{"title":"PS3.D Energy in Chemical Process and Everyday Life","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Energy can be “produced,” “used,” or “released” by converting stored energy. Plants capture energy from sunlight, which can later be used as fuel or food."}],"sciEngPractices":[]},"gradeRange":[0,12]},{"id":376,"name":"Fireworks","fullText":"fireworks extras fireworks space foundation space foundation space foundation","dateAdded":"2013-02-11T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"fireworks","url":"/catalog/datasets/fireworks","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/extras/fireworks/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/extras/fireworks/playlist.sos","isRealtime":0,"startDate":null,"endDate":null,"hasAudio":true,"isNarratedMovie":0,"isSos":1,"isSosx":0,"variations":[{"name":"Fireworks (with audio)","hasAudio":1,"isTranslated":null,"playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/extras/fireworks/playlist_with_audio.sos"}],"themes":[],"keywords":["Extras","Fireworks"],"categories":{"Extras":["Special Effects"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[],"sciEngPractices":[]}},{"id":475,"name":"Fisheries Catch Model  - 2005 vs 2050","fullText":"fisheries catch model  - 2005 vs 2050 changing ocean ecology fishing globalization ocean acidificaiton oceans over-fishing climate change noaa / national marine fisheries service (nmfs) dan pisut noaa national environmental satellite, data, and information service (nesdis)","dateAdded":"2014-08-14T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"fisheries-catch-model-2005-vs-2050","url":"/catalog/datasets/fisheries-catch-model-2005-vs-2050","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/oceans/catch_model/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/oceans/catch_model/playlist.sos","isRealtime":0,"startDate":null,"endDate":null,"hasAudio":false,"isNarratedMovie":0,"isSos":1,"isSosx":0,"variations":[],"themes":["Climate Change"],"keywords":["Changing Ocean","Ecology","Fishing","Globalization","Ocean Acidificaiton","Oceans","Over-fishing"],"categories":{"Water":["Temperature","Life","Chemistry"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[],"sciEngPractices":[]}},{"id":474,"name":"Fisheries Species Richness","fullText":"fisheries species richness biology ecology fisheries fishing food marine ecosystems oceans species richness sustainability noaa / national marine fisheries service (nmfs) dan pisut noaa national environmental satellite, data, and information service (nesdis)","dateAdded":"2014-08-14T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"fisheries-species-richness","url":"/catalog/datasets/fisheries-species-richness","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/oceans/species_richness/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/oceans/species_richness/playlist.sos","isRealtime":0,"startDate":null,"endDate":null,"hasAudio":false,"isNarratedMovie":0,"isSos":1,"isSosx":1,"variations":[],"themes":[],"keywords":["Biology","Ecology","Fisheries","Fishing","Food","Marine Ecosystems","Oceans","Species Richness","Sustainability"],"categories":{"Water":["Life"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[{"title":"C2 Cause and Effect","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand that empirical evidence is required to differentiate between cause and correlation and to make claims about specific causes and effects. They suggest cause and effect relationships to explain and predict behaviors in complex natural and designed systems. They also propose causal relationships by examining what is known about smaller scale mechanisms within the system. They recognize changes in systems may have various causes that may not have equal effects."},{"title":"C2 Cause and Effect","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students routinely identify and test causal relationships and use these relationships to explain change. They understand events that occur together with regularity might or might not signify a cause and effect relationship"},{"title":"C3 Scale Proportion and Quantity","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand the significance of a phenomenon is dependent on the scale, proportion, and quantity at which it occurs. They recognize patterns observable at one scale may not be observable or exist at other scales, and some systems can only be studied indirectly as they are too small, too large, too fast, or too slow to observe directly. Students use orders of magnitude to understand how a model at one scale relates to a model at another scale. They use algebraic thinking to examine scientific data and predict the effect of a change in one variable on another (e.g., linear growth vs. exponential growth)."},{"title":"C3 Scale Proportion and Quantity","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students recognize natural objects and observable phenomena exist from the very small to the immensely large. They use standard units to measure and describe physical quantities such as weight, time, temperature, and volume."},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students can understand that systems may interact with other systems; they may have sub-systems and be a part of larger complex systems. They can use models to represent systems and their interactions—such as inputs, processes and outputs—and energy, matter, and information flows within systems. They can also learn that models are limited in that they only represent certain aspects of the system under study."},{"title":"C6 Structures and Functions","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students investigate systems by examining the properties of different materials, the structures of different components, and their interconnections to reveal the system’s function and/or solve a problem. They infer the functions and properties of natural and designed objects and systems from their overall structure, the way their components are shaped and used, and the molecular substructures of their various materials."}],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[{"title":"ESS3.A Natural Resources","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Resource availability has guided the development of human society and use of natural resources has associated costs, risks, and\r\nbenefits."},{"title":"ESS3.A Natural Resources","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Humans depend on Earth’s land, ocean, atmosphere, and biosphere for different resources, many of which are limited or not renewable. Resources are distributed unevenly around the planet as a result of past geologic processes"},{"title":"ESS3.A Natural Resources","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Energy and fuels humans use are derived from natural sources and their use affects the environment. Some resources are renewable over time, others are not."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Natural hazards and other geological events have shaped the course of human history at local, regional, and global scales. Human activities can contribute to the frequency and intensity of some natural hazards."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Mapping the history of natural hazards in a region and understanding related geological forces can help forecast the locations and likelihoods of future events, such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and severe weather."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"A variety of hazards result from natural processes; humans cannot eliminate hazards but can reduce their impacts."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Sustainability of human societies and the biodiversity that supports them requires responsible management of natural resources, including the development of technologies that produce less pollution and waste and that preclude ecosystem degradation."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Human activities have altered the biosphere, sometimes damaging it, although changes to environments can have different impacts for different living things. Activities and technologies can be engineered to reduce people’s impacts on Earth."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Societal activities have had major effects on the land, ocean, atmosphere, and even outer space. Societal activities can also help protect Earth’s resources and environments."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Global climate models used to predict changes continue to be improved, although discoveries about the global climate system are ongoing and continually needed."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Human activities affect global warming. Decisions to reduce the impact of global warming depend on understanding climate science, engineering capabilities, and social dynamics."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"If Earth’s global mean temperature continues to rise, the lives of humans and other organisms will be affected in many different ways."},{"title":"LS2.A Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"The food of almost any animal can be traced back to plants. Organisms are related in food webs in which some animals eat plants for food and other animals eat the animals that eat plants, while decomposers restore some materials back to the soil."},{"title":"LS2.A Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Organisms and populations are dependent on their environmental interactions both with other living things and with nonliving factors, any of which can limit their growth. Competitive, predatory, and mutually beneficial interactions vary across ecosystems but the patterns are shared."},{"title":"LS2.A Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Ecosystems have carrying capacities resulting from biotic and abiotic factors. The fundamental tension between resource availability and organism populations affects the abundance of species in any given ecosystem."},{"title":"LS2.C Ecosystem Dynamics, Functioning and Resilience","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"If a biological or physical disturbance to an ecosystem occurs, including one induced by human activity, the ecosystem may return to its more or less original state or become a very different ecosystem, depending on the complex set of interactions within the ecosystem"},{"title":"LS2.C Ecosystem Dynamics, Functioning and Resilience","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"When the environment changes some organisms survive and reproduce, some move to new locations, some move into the transformed environment, and some die."},{"title":"LS2.C Ecosystem Dynamics, Functioning and Resilience","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Ecosystem characteristics vary over time. Disruptions to any part of an ecosystem can lead to shifts in all of its populations. The completeness or integrity of an ecosystem’s biodiversity is often used as a measure of its health."},{"title":"LS4.D Biodiversity & Humans","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Populations of organisms live in a variety of habitats. Change in those habitats affects the organisms living there"},{"title":"LS4.D Biodiversity & Humans","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Changes in biodiversity can influence humans’ resources and ecosystem services they rely on."},{"title":"LS4.D Biodiversity & Humans","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Biodiversity is increased by formation of new species and reduced by extinction. Humans depend on biodiversity but also have adverse impacts on it. 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They use algebraic thinking to examine scientific data and predict the effect of a change in one variable on another (e.g., linear growth vs. exponential growth)."},{"title":"C5 Energy and Matter","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students learn that the total amount of energy and matter in closed systems is conserved. They can describe changes of energy and matter in a system in terms of energy and matter flows into, out of, and within that system. They also learn that energy cannot be created or destroyed. It only moves between one place and another place, between objects and/or fields, or between systems. Energy drives the cycling of matter within and between systems. In nuclear processes, atoms are not conserved, but the total number of protons plus neutrons is conserved."},{"title":"C5 Energy and Matter","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students learn matter is conserved because atoms are conserved in physical and chemical processes. They also learn within a natural or designed system, the transfer of energy drives the motion and/or cycling of matter. Energy may take different forms (e.g. energy in fields, thermal energy, energy of motion). The transfer of energy can be tracked as energy flows through a designed or natural system."},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand much of science deals with constructing explanations of how things change and how they remain stable. They quantify and model changes in systems over very short or very long periods of time. They see some changes are irreversible, and negative feedback can stabilize a system, while positive feedback can destabilize it. They recognize systems can be designed for greater or lesser stability"},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand much of science deals with constructing explanations of how things change and how they remain stable. 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Students learn some systems appear stable, but over long periods of time they will eventually change."},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Students observe some things stay the same while other things change, and things may change slowly or rapidly."}],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Feedback effects exist within and among Earth’s systems.The geological record shows that changes to global and regional climate can be caused by interactions among changes in the sun’s energy output or Earth’s orbit, tectonic events, ocean circulation, volcanic activity, glaciers, vegetation, and human activities."},{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Energy flows and matter cycles within and among Earth’s systems, including the sun and Earth’s interior as primary energy sources. Plate tectonics is one result of these processes."},{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Four major Earth systems interact. Rainfall helps to shape the land and affects the types of living things found in a region. Water, ice, wind, organisms, and gravity break rocks, soils, and sediments into smaller pieces and move them around"},{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Wind and water change the shape of the land"},{"title":"ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth's Processes","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Water is found in many types of places and in different forms on Earth"},{"title":"ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth's Processes","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Most of Earth’s water is in the ocean and much of the Earth’s fresh water is in glaciers or underground."},{"title":"ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth's Processes","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Water cycles among land, ocean, and atmosphere, and is propelled by sunlight and gravity. Density variations of sea water drive interconnected ocean currents. Water movement causes weathering and erosion, changing landscape features."},{"title":"ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth's Processes","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The planet’s dynamics are greatly influenced by water’s unique chemical and physical properties."},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The role of radiation from the sun and its interactions with the atmosphere, ocean, and land are the foundation for the global climate system. Global climate models are used to predict future changes, including changes influenced by human behavior and natural factors"},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Complex interactions determine local weather patterns and influence climate, including the role of the ocean."},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Climate describes patterns of typical weather conditions over different scales and variations. Historical weather patterns can be analyzed so that they can make predictions about what kind of weather might happen next."},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Weather is the combination of sunlight, wind, snow or rain, and temperature in a particular region and time. People record weather patterns over time"},{"title":"ESS3.A Natural Resources","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Resource availability has guided the development of human society and use of natural resources has associated costs, risks, and\r\nbenefits."},{"title":"ESS3.A Natural Resources","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Humans depend on Earth’s land, ocean, atmosphere, and biosphere for different resources, many of which are limited or not renewable. Resources are distributed unevenly around the planet as a result of past geologic processes"},{"title":"ESS3.A Natural Resources","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Energy and fuels humans use are derived from natural sources and their use affects the environment. Some resources are renewable over time, others are not."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Natural hazards and other geological events have shaped the course of human history at local, regional, and global scales. Human activities can contribute to the frequency and intensity of some natural hazards."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Mapping the history of natural hazards in a region and understanding related geological forces can help forecast the locations and likelihoods of future events, such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and severe weather."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"A variety of hazards result from natural processes; humans cannot eliminate hazards but can reduce their impacts."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"In a region, some kinds of severe weather are more likely than others. Forecasts allow communities to prepare for severe weather."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Sustainability of human societies and the biodiversity that supports them requires responsible management of natural resources, including the development of technologies that produce less pollution and waste and that preclude ecosystem degradation."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Human activities have altered the biosphere, sometimes damaging it, although changes to environments can have different impacts for different living things. Activities and technologies can be engineered to reduce people’s impacts on Earth."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Societal activities have had major effects on the land, ocean, atmosphere, and even outer space. Societal activities can also help protect Earth’s resources and environments."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Global climate models used to predict changes continue to be improved, although discoveries about the global climate system are ongoing and continually needed."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Human activities affect global warming. Decisions to reduce the impact of global warming depend on understanding climate science, engineering capabilities, and social dynamics."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"If Earth’s global mean temperature continues to rise, the lives of humans and other organisms will be affected in many different ways."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The total energy within a system is conserved. Energy transfer within and between systems can be described and predicted in terms of energy associated with the motion or configuration of particles (objects)."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Kinetic energy can be distinguished from the various forms of potential energy. Energy changes to and from each type can be tracked through physical or chemical interactions. The relationship between the temperature and the total energy of a system depends on the types, states, and amounts of matter."},{"title":"PS3.C Relationship between energy and forces","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"When two objects interact, each one exerts a force on the other, and these forces can transfer energy between them."},{"title":"PS4.A Wave Properties","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The wavelength and frequency of a wave are related to one another by the speed of the wave, which depends on the type of wave and the medium through which it is passing. Waves can be used to transmit information and energy."},{"title":"PS4.A Wave Properties","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"A simple wave model has a repeating pattern with a specific wavelength, frequency, and amplitude, and mechanical waves need a medium through which they are transmitted. This model can explain many phenomena including sound and light. 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They recognize classifications or explanations used at one scale may not be useful or need revision using a different scale; thus requiring improved investigations and experiments. They use mathematical representations to identify certain patterns and analyze patterns of performance in order to re-engineer and improve a designed system."},{"title":"C2 Cause and Effect","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand that empirical evidence is required to differentiate between cause and correlation and to make claims about specific causes and effects. They suggest cause and effect relationships to explain and predict behaviors in complex natural and designed systems. They also propose causal relationships by examining what is known about smaller scale mechanisms within the system. They recognize changes in systems may have various causes that may not have equal effects."},{"title":"C2 Cause and Effect","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students classify relationships as causal or correlational, and recognize that correlation does not necessarily imply causation. They use cause and effect relationships to predict phenomena in natural or designed systems. They also understand that phenomena may have more than one cause, and some cause and effect relationships in systems can only be described using probability."},{"title":"C3 Scale Proportion and Quantity","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students observe time, space, and energy phenomena at various scales using models to study systems that are too large or too small. They understand phenomena observed at one scale may not be observable at another scale, and the function of natural and designed systems may change with scale. They use proportional relationships (e.g., speed as the ratio of distance traveled to time taken) to gather information about the magnitude of properties and processes. They represent scientific relationships through the use of algebraic expressions and equations"},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students can investigate or analyze a system by defining its boundaries and initial conditions, as well as its inputs and outputs. They can use models (e.g., physical, mathematical, computer models) to simulate the flow of energy, matter, and interactions within and between systems at different scales. They can also use models and simulations to predict the behavior of a system, and recognize that these predictions have limited precision and reliability due to the assumptions and approximations inherent in the models. They can also design systems to do specific tasks."},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students can understand that systems may interact with other systems; they may have sub-systems and be a part of larger complex systems. They can use models to represent systems and their interactions—such as inputs, processes and outputs—and energy, matter, and information flows within systems. They can also learn that models are limited in that they only represent certain aspects of the system under study."},{"title":"C6 Structures and Functions","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students model complex and microscopic structures and systems and visualize how their function depends on the shapes, composition, and relationships among its parts. They analyze many complex natural and designed structures and systems to determine how they function. They design structures to serve particular functions by taking into account properties of different materials, and how materials can be shaped and used."},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand much of science deals with constructing explanations of how things change and how they remain stable. They quantify and model changes in systems over very short or very long periods of time. They see some changes are irreversible, and negative feedback can stabilize a system, while positive feedback can destabilize it. They recognize systems can be designed for greater or lesser stability"},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand much of science deals with constructing explanations of how things change and how they remain stable. They quantify and model changes in systems over very short or very long periods of time. They see some changes are irreversible, and negative feedback can stabilize a system, while positive feedback can destabilize it. They recognize systems can be designed for greater or lesser stability"}],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Natural hazards and other geological events have shaped the course of human history at local, regional, and global scales. Human activities can contribute to the frequency and intensity of some natural hazards."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Mapping the history of natural hazards in a region and understanding related geological forces can help forecast the locations and likelihoods of future events, such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and severe weather."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Sustainability of human societies and the biodiversity that supports them requires responsible management of natural resources, including the development of technologies that produce less pollution and waste and that preclude ecosystem degradation."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Human activities have altered the biosphere, sometimes damaging it, although changes to environments can have different impacts for different living things. Activities and technologies can be engineered to reduce people’s impacts on Earth."},{"title":"LS1.A Structure and Function","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Systems of specialized cells within organisms help perform essential functions of life. Any one system in an organism is made up of numerous parts. Feedback mechanisms maintain an organism’s internal conditions within certain limits and mediate behaviors."},{"title":"LS1.A Structure and Function","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"All living things are made up of cells. In organisms, cells work together to form tissues and organs that are specialized for particular body functions"},{"title":"LS2.A Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Organisms and populations are dependent on their environmental interactions both with other living things and with nonliving factors, any of which can limit their growth. Competitive, predatory, and mutually beneficial interactions vary across ecosystems but the patterns are shared."},{"title":"LS2.A Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Ecosystems have carrying capacities resulting from biotic and abiotic factors. The fundamental tension between resource availability and organism populations affects the abundance of species in any given ecosystem."},{"title":"LS2.B Cycles of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Photosynthesis and cellular respiration provide most of the energy for life processes. Only a fraction of matter consumed at the lower level of a food web is transferred up, resulting in fewer organisms at higher levels. At each link in an ecosystem elements are combined in different ways and matter and energy are conserved. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are key components of the global carbon cycle."},{"title":"LS2.B Cycles of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"The atoms that make up the organisms in an ecosystem are cycled repeatedly between the living and nonliving parts of the ecosystem. Food webs model how matter and energy are transferred among producers, consumers, and decomposers as the three groups interact within an ecosystem."},{"title":"LS4.B Natural Selection","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Natural selection occurs only if there is variation in the genes and traits between organisms in a population. Traits that positively affect survival can become more common in a population."},{"title":"LS4.B Natural Selection","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Both natural and artificial selection result from certain traits giving some individuals an advantage in surviving and reproducing, leading to predominance of certain traits in a population."},{"title":"LS4.C Adaptation","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Evolution results primarily from genetic variation of individuals in a species, competition for resources, and proliferation of organisms better able to survive and reproduce. Adaptation means that the distribution of traits in a population, as well as species expansion, emergence or extinction, can change when conditions change."},{"title":"LS4.C Adaptation","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Species can change over time in response to changes in environmental conditions through adaptation by natural selection acting over generations. Traits that support successful survival and reproduction in the new environment become more common."},{"title":"LS4.D Biodiversity & Humans","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Changes in biodiversity can influence humans’ resources and ecosystem services they rely on."},{"title":"LS4.D Biodiversity & Humans","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Biodiversity is increased by formation of new species and reduced by extinction. Humans depend on biodiversity but also have adverse impacts on it. Sustaining biodiversity is essential to supporting life on Earth"},{"title":"PS3.B Conservation of Energy and Energy Transfer","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Kinetic energy can be distinguished from the various forms of potential energy. Energy changes to and from each type can be tracked through physical or chemical interactions. The relationship between the temperature and the total energy of a system depends on the types, states, and amounts of matter."},{"title":"PS3.B Conservation of Energy and Energy Transfer","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Systems move toward stable states."}],"sciEngPractices":[]},"gradeRange":[6,12]},{"id":280,"name":"Footprints ","fullText":"footprints  extras footprints planet space nasa / goddard space flight center (gsfc) nasa / goddard space flight center (gsfc)","dateAdded":"2010-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"footprints","url":"/catalog/datasets/footprints","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/extras/footprints/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/extras/footprints/playlist.sos","isRealtime":0,"startDate":null,"endDate":null,"hasAudio":1,"isNarratedMovie":1,"isSos":1,"isSosx":0,"variations":[],"themes":[],"keywords":["Extras","Footprints","Planet","Space"],"categories":{"People":["History","Communication"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[],"sciEngPractices":[]}},{"id":300,"name":"Forecast: Tropical Cyclones","fullText":"forecast: tropical cyclones extras forecast hurricanes severe weather tropical cyclones typhoons weather prediction laura allen american museum of natural history (amnh) science bulletins american museum of natural history (amnh) science bulletins american museum of natural history (amnh) science bulletins","dateAdded":"2010-03-01T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"forecast-tropical-cyclones","url":"/catalog/datasets/forecast-tropical-cyclones","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/extras/forecast_amnh/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/extras/forecast_amnh/playlist.sos","isRealtime":0,"startDate":null,"endDate":null,"hasAudio":1,"isNarratedMovie":1,"isSos":1,"isSosx":1,"variations":[],"themes":[],"keywords":["Extras","Forecast","Hurricanes","Severe Weather","Tropical Cyclones","Typhoons","Weather Prediction"],"categories":{"Air":["Tropical Cyclones","Weather"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[{"title":"C1 Patterns","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students observe patterns in systems at different scales and cite patterns as empirical evidence for causality in supporting their explanations of phenomena. 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They also understand that phenomena may have more than one cause, and some cause and effect relationships in systems can only be described using probability."},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students can investigate or analyze a system by defining its boundaries and initial conditions, as well as its inputs and outputs. They can use models (e.g., physical, mathematical, computer models) to simulate the flow of energy, matter, and interactions within and between systems at different scales. They can also use models and simulations to predict the behavior of a system, and recognize that these predictions have limited precision and reliability due to the assumptions and approximations inherent in the models. They can also design systems to do specific tasks."},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students can understand that systems may interact with other systems; they may have sub-systems and be a part of larger complex systems. They can use models to represent systems and their interactions—such as inputs, processes and outputs—and energy, matter, and information flows within systems. They can also learn that models are limited in that they only represent certain aspects of the system under study."},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students understand that a system is a group of related parts that make up a whole and can carry out functions its individual parts cannot. They can also describe a system in terms of its components and their interactions."},{"title":"C5 Energy and Matter","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students learn that the total amount of energy and matter in closed systems is conserved. They can describe changes of energy and matter in a system in terms of energy and matter flows into, out of, and within that system. They also learn that energy cannot be created or destroyed. It only moves between one place and another place, between objects and/or fields, or between systems. Energy drives the cycling of matter within and between systems. In nuclear processes, atoms are not conserved, but the total number of protons plus neutrons is conserved."},{"title":"C5 Energy and Matter","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students learn matter is conserved because atoms are conserved in physical and chemical processes. They also learn within a natural or designed system, the transfer of energy drives the motion and/or cycling of matter. Energy may take different forms (e.g. energy in fields, thermal energy, energy of motion). The transfer of energy can be tracked as energy flows through a designed or natural system."}],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Feedback effects exist within and among Earth’s systems.The geological record shows that changes to global and regional climate can be caused by interactions among changes in the sun’s energy output or Earth’s orbit, tectonic events, ocean circulation, volcanic activity, glaciers, vegetation, and human activities."},{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Energy flows and matter cycles within and among Earth’s systems, including the sun and Earth’s interior as primary energy sources. Plate tectonics is one result of these processes."},{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Four major Earth systems interact. Rainfall helps to shape the land and affects the types of living things found in a region. Water, ice, wind, organisms, and gravity break rocks, soils, and sediments into smaller pieces and move them around"},{"title":"ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth's Processes","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Most of Earth’s water is in the ocean and much of the Earth’s fresh water is in glaciers or underground."},{"title":"ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth's Processes","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Water cycles among land, ocean, and atmosphere, and is propelled by sunlight and gravity. Density variations of sea water drive interconnected ocean currents. Water movement causes weathering and erosion, changing landscape features."},{"title":"ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth's Processes","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The planet’s dynamics are greatly influenced by water’s unique chemical and physical properties."},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The role of radiation from the sun and its interactions with the atmosphere, ocean, and land are the foundation for the global climate system. Global climate models are used to predict future changes, including changes influenced by human behavior and natural factors"},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Complex interactions determine local weather patterns and influence climate, including the role of the ocean."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Natural hazards and other geological events have shaped the course of human history at local, regional, and global scales. Human activities can contribute to the frequency and intensity of some natural hazards."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Mapping the history of natural hazards in a region and understanding related geological forces can help forecast the locations and likelihoods of future events, such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and severe weather."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"A variety of hazards result from natural processes; humans cannot eliminate hazards but can reduce their impacts."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Sustainability of human societies and the biodiversity that supports them requires responsible management of natural resources, including the development of technologies that produce less pollution and waste and that preclude ecosystem degradation."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Human activities have altered the biosphere, sometimes damaging it, although changes to environments can have different impacts for different living things. Activities and technologies can be engineered to reduce people’s impacts on Earth."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Global climate models used to predict changes continue to be improved, although discoveries about the global climate system are ongoing and continually needed."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Human activities affect global warming. Decisions to reduce the impact of global warming depend on understanding climate science, engineering capabilities, and social dynamics."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"If Earth’s global mean temperature continues to rise, the lives of humans and other organisms will be affected in many different ways."},{"title":"PS2.A Forces and Motion","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Newton’s 2nd law (F=ma) and the conservation of momentum can be used to predict changes in the motion of macroscopic objects."},{"title":"PS2.A Forces and Motion","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"The role of the mass of an object must be qualitatively accounted for in any change of motion due to the application of a force."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The total energy within a system is conserved. Energy transfer within and between systems can be described and predicted in terms of energy associated with the motion or configuration of particles (objects)."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Kinetic energy can be distinguished from the various forms of potential energy. Energy changes to and from each type can be tracked through physical or chemical interactions. The relationship between the temperature and the total energy of a system depends on the types, states, and amounts of matter."},{"title":"PS3.C Relationship between energy and forces","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Fields contain energy that depends on the arrangement of the objects in the field."},{"title":"PS3.C Relationship between energy and forces","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Fields contain energy that depends on the arrangement of the objects in the field."},{"title":"PS3.C Relationship between energy and forces","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"When two objects interact, each one exerts a force on the other, and these forces can transfer energy between them."},{"title":"PS4.A Wave Properties","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The wavelength and frequency of a wave are related to one another by the speed of the wave, which depends on the type of wave and the medium through which it is passing. 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They can use models to represent systems and their interactions—such as inputs, processes and outputs—and energy, matter, and information flows within systems. They can also learn that models are limited in that they only represent certain aspects of the system under study."},{"title":"C6 Structures and Functions","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students investigate systems by examining the properties of different materials, the structures of different components, and their interconnections to reveal the system’s function and/or solve a problem. They infer the functions and properties of natural and designed objects and systems from their overall structure, the way their components are shaped and used, and the molecular substructures of their various materials."}],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Feedback effects exist within and among Earth’s systems.The geological record shows that changes to global and regional climate can be caused by interactions among changes in the sun’s energy output or Earth’s orbit, tectonic events, ocean circulation, volcanic activity, glaciers, vegetation, and human activities."},{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Energy flows and matter cycles within and among Earth’s systems, including the sun and Earth’s interior as primary energy sources. Plate tectonics is one result of these processes."},{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Four major Earth systems interact. Rainfall helps to shape the land and affects the types of living things found in a region. Water, ice, wind, organisms, and gravity break rocks, soils, and sediments into smaller pieces and move them around"},{"title":"ESS2.E Biogeology","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The biosphere and Earth’s other systems have many interconnections that cause a continual co-evolution of Earth’s surface and life on it"},{"title":"ESS3.A Natural Resources","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Resource availability has guided the development of human society and use of natural resources has associated costs, risks, and\r\nbenefits."},{"title":"ESS3.A Natural Resources","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Humans depend on Earth’s land, ocean, atmosphere, and biosphere for different resources, many of which are limited or not renewable. Resources are distributed unevenly around the planet as a result of past geologic processes"},{"title":"ESS3.A Natural Resources","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Energy and fuels humans use are derived from natural sources and their use affects the environment. Some resources are renewable over time, others are not."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Natural hazards and other geological events have shaped the course of human history at local, regional, and global scales. Human activities can contribute to the frequency and intensity of some natural hazards."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Mapping the history of natural hazards in a region and understanding related geological forces can help forecast the locations and likelihoods of future events, such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and severe weather."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"A variety of hazards result from natural processes; humans cannot eliminate hazards but can reduce their impacts."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Sustainability of human societies and the biodiversity that supports them requires responsible management of natural resources, including the development of technologies that produce less pollution and waste and that preclude ecosystem degradation."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Human activities have altered the biosphere, sometimes damaging it, although changes to environments can have different impacts for different living things. Activities and technologies can be engineered to reduce people’s impacts on Earth."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Societal activities have had major effects on the land, ocean, atmosphere, and even outer space. Societal activities can also help protect Earth’s resources and environments."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Global climate models used to predict changes continue to be improved, although discoveries about the global climate system are ongoing and continually needed."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Human activities affect global warming. Decisions to reduce the impact of global warming depend on understanding climate science, engineering capabilities, and social dynamics."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"If Earth’s global mean temperature continues to rise, the lives of humans and other organisms will be affected in many different ways."},{"title":"LS4.D Biodiversity & Humans","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Populations of organisms live in a variety of habitats. Change in those habitats affects the organisms living there"},{"title":"LS4.D Biodiversity & Humans","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Changes in biodiversity can influence humans’ resources and ecosystem services they rely on."},{"title":"LS4.D Biodiversity & Humans","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Biodiversity is increased by formation of new species and reduced by extinction. Humans depend on biodiversity but also have adverse impacts on it. Sustaining biodiversity is essential to supporting life on Earth"}],"sciEngPractices":[]},"gradeRange":[3,12]},{"id":504,"name":"Fossil Fuel: CO2 Release - 2011-2012","fullText":"fossil fuel: co2 release - 2011-2012 atmosphere carbon cycle carbon dioxide carbontracker emissions fossil fuel global warming greenhouse effect greenhouse gas climate change andy jacobson noaa / global monitoring division (gmd) noaa / global monitoring division (gmd) / carbon cycle greenhouse gases (ccgg) group noaa / global monitoring division (gmd) / carbon cycle greenhouse gases (ccgg) group","dateAdded":"2015-01-21T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"fossil-fuel-co2-release-2011-2012","url":"/catalog/datasets/fossil-fuel-co2-release-2011-2012","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/atmosphere/fossil_fuel/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/atmosphere/fossil_fuel/playlist.sos","isRealtime":0,"startDate":null,"endDate":null,"hasAudio":false,"isNarratedMovie":0,"isSos":1,"isSosx":1,"variations":[],"themes":["Climate Change"],"keywords":["Atmosphere","Carbon Cycle","Carbon Dioxide","CarbonTracker","Emissions","Fossil Fuel","Global Warming","Greenhouse Effect","Greenhouse Gas"],"categories":{"People":["Energy"],"Air":["Human Impact","Chemistry"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[],"sciEngPractices":[]}},{"id":362,"name":"Fractals: Mandelbrot ","fullText":"fractals: mandelbrot  fractal mandelbrot mathematics university of colorado university of colorado","dateAdded":"2010-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"fractals-mandelbrot","url":"/catalog/datasets/fractals-mandelbrot","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/extras/fractals/mandelbrot/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/extras/fractals/mandelbrot/playlist.sos","isRealtime":0,"startDate":null,"endDate":null,"hasAudio":false,"isNarratedMovie":0,"isSos":1,"isSosx":1,"variations":[],"themes":[],"keywords":["Fractal","Mandelbrot","Mathematics"],"categories":{"Extras":["Special Effects"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[{"title":"C1 Patterns","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Children recognize that patterns in the natural and human designed world can be observed, used to describe phenomena, and used as evidence"},{"title":"C1 Patterns","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students recognize that macroscopic patterns are related to the nature of microscopic and atomic-level structure. 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They can use models to represent systems and their interactions—such as inputs, processes and outputs—and energy, matter, and information flows within systems. They can also learn that models are limited in that they only represent certain aspects of the system under study."}],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[{"title":"LS1.D Information Processing","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Each sense receptor responds to different inputs, transmitting them as signals that travel along nerve cells to the brain; The signals are then processed in the brain, resulting in immediate behavior or memories."},{"title":"LS1.D Information Processing","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Different sense receptors are specialized for particular kinds of information; Animals use their perceptions and memories to guide their actions."},{"title":"LS1.D Information Processing","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Animals sense and communicate information and respond to inputs with behaviors that help them grow and survive."},{"title":"PS4.A Wave Properties","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The wavelength and frequency of a wave are related to one another by the speed of the wave, which depends on the type of wave and the medium through which it is passing. Waves can be used to transmit information and energy."},{"title":"PS4.A Wave Properties","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"A simple wave model has a repeating pattern with a specific wavelength, frequency, and amplitude, and mechanical waves need a medium through which they are transmitted. This model can explain many phenomena including sound and light. Waves can transmit energy"},{"title":"PS4.B Electromagnetic Radiation","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Both an electromagnetic wave model and a photon model explain features of electromagnetic radiation broadly and describe common applications of electromagnetic radiation."},{"title":"PS4.C Information Technologies and Instrumentation","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Large amounts of information can be stored and shipped around as a result of being digitized."},{"title":"PS4.C Information Technologies and Instrumentation","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Waves can be used to transmit digital information. Digitized information is comprised of a pattern of 1s and 0s."},{"title":"PS4.C Information Technologies and Instrumentation","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Patterns can encode, send, receive and decode information."},{"title":"PS4.C Information Technologies and Instrumentation","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"People use devices to send and receive information."}],"sciEngPractices":[]},"gradeRange":[0,12]},{"id":292,"name":"Frozen","fullText":"frozen cryosphere extras frozen global warming sea ice snow and ice cover climate change human impacts nasa / goddard space flight center (gsfc) nasa / goddard space flight center (gsfc)","dateAdded":"2010-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"frozen","url":"/catalog/datasets/frozen","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/extras/frozen/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/extras/frozen/playlist.sos","isRealtime":0,"startDate":null,"endDate":null,"hasAudio":1,"isNarratedMovie":1,"isSos":1,"isSosx":1,"variations":[],"themes":["Climate Change","Human Impacts"],"keywords":["Cryosphere","Extras","Frozen","Global Warming","Sea Ice","Snow and Ice Cover"],"categories":{"Snow and Ice":["Freshwater","Sea Ice"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[{"title":"C1 Patterns","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students observe patterns in systems at different scales and cite patterns as empirical evidence for causality in supporting their explanations of phenomena. 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They understand phenomena observed at one scale may not be observable at another scale, and the function of natural and designed systems may change with scale. They use proportional relationships (e.g., speed as the ratio of distance traveled to time taken) to gather information about the magnitude of properties and processes. They represent scientific relationships through the use of algebraic expressions and equations"},{"title":"C3 Scale Proportion and Quantity","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand the significance of a phenomenon is dependent on the scale, proportion, and quantity at which it occurs. They recognize patterns observable at one scale may not be observable or exist at other scales, and some systems can only be studied indirectly as they are too small, too large, too fast, or too slow to observe directly. Students use orders of magnitude to understand how a model at one scale relates to a model at another scale. They use algebraic thinking to examine scientific data and predict the effect of a change in one variable on another (e.g., linear growth vs. exponential growth)."},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students can understand that systems may interact with other systems; they may have sub-systems and be a part of larger complex systems. They can use models to represent systems and their interactions—such as inputs, processes and outputs—and energy, matter, and information flows within systems. They can also learn that models are limited in that they only represent certain aspects of the system under study."},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students can investigate or analyze a system by defining its boundaries and initial conditions, as well as its inputs and outputs. They can use models (e.g., physical, mathematical, computer models) to simulate the flow of energy, matter, and interactions within and between systems at different scales. They can also use models and simulations to predict the behavior of a system, and recognize that these predictions have limited precision and reliability due to the assumptions and approximations inherent in the models. They can also design systems to do specific tasks."},{"title":"C5 Energy and Matter","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students learn matter is conserved because atoms are conserved in physical and chemical processes. They also learn within a natural or designed system, the transfer of energy drives the motion and/or cycling of matter. Energy may take different forms (e.g. energy in fields, thermal energy, energy of motion). The transfer of energy can be tracked as energy flows through a designed or natural system."}],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[{"title":"ESS1.A The Universe and its Stars","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Stars range greatly in size and distance from Earth and this can explain their relative brightness."},{"title":"ESS1.B Earth and the Solar System","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Kepler’s laws describe common features of the motions of orbiting objects. Observations from astronomy and space probes provide evidence for explanations of solar system formation. Changes in Earth’s tilt and orbit cause climate changes such as Ice Ages"},{"title":"ESS1.B Earth and the Solar System","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"The solar system contains many varied objects held together by gravity. Solar system models explain and predict eclipses, tides, lunar phases, and seasons."},{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Feedback effects exist within and among Earth’s systems.The geological record shows that changes to global and regional climate can be caused by interactions among changes in the sun’s energy output or Earth’s orbit, tectonic events, ocean circulation, volcanic activity, glaciers, vegetation, and human activities."},{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Energy flows and matter cycles within and among Earth’s systems, including the sun and Earth’s interior as primary energy sources. Plate tectonics is one result of these processes."},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The role of radiation from the sun and its interactions with the atmosphere, ocean, and land are the foundation for the global climate system. Global climate models are used to predict future changes, including changes influenced by human behavior and natural factors"},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Complex interactions determine local weather patterns and influence climate, including the role of the ocean."},{"title":"ESS3.A Natural Resources","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Resource availability has guided the development of human society and use of natural resources has associated costs, risks, and\r\nbenefits."},{"title":"ESS3.A Natural Resources","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Humans depend on Earth’s land, ocean, atmosphere, and biosphere for different resources, many of which are limited or not renewable. Resources are distributed unevenly around the planet as a result of past geologic processes"},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Natural hazards and other geological events have shaped the course of human history at local, regional, and global scales. Human activities can contribute to the frequency and intensity of some natural hazards."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Mapping the history of natural hazards in a region and understanding related geological forces can help forecast the locations and likelihoods of future events, such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and severe weather."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Sustainability of human societies and the biodiversity that supports them requires responsible management of natural resources, including the development of technologies that produce less pollution and waste and that preclude ecosystem degradation."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Human activities have altered the biosphere, sometimes damaging it, although changes to environments can have different impacts for different living things. Activities and technologies can be engineered to reduce people’s impacts on Earth."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Global climate models used to predict changes continue to be improved, although discoveries about the global climate system are ongoing and continually needed."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Human activities affect global warming. Decisions to reduce the impact of global warming depend on understanding climate science, engineering capabilities, and social dynamics."},{"title":"PS4.A Wave Properties","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The wavelength and frequency of a wave are related to one another by the speed of the wave, which depends on the type of wave and the medium through which it is passing. 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They use proportional relationships (e.g., speed as the ratio of distance traveled to time taken) to gather information about the magnitude of properties and processes. They represent scientific relationships through the use of algebraic expressions and equations"},{"title":"C3 Scale Proportion and Quantity","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students recognize natural objects and observable phenomena exist from the very small to the immensely large. They use standard units to measure and describe physical quantities such as weight, time, temperature, and volume."},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students can investigate or analyze a system by defining its boundaries and initial conditions, as well as its inputs and outputs. They can use models (e.g., physical, mathematical, computer models) to simulate the flow of energy, matter, and interactions within and between systems at different scales. They can also use models and simulations to predict the behavior of a system, and recognize that these predictions have limited precision and reliability due to the assumptions and approximations inherent in the models. They can also design systems to do specific tasks."},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students understand that a system is a group of related parts that make up a whole and can carry out functions its individual parts cannot. They can also describe a system in terms of its components and their interactions."},{"title":"C5 Energy and Matter","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students learn matter is conserved because atoms are conserved in physical and chemical processes. They also learn within a natural or designed system, the transfer of energy drives the motion and/or cycling of matter. Energy may take different forms (e.g. energy in fields, thermal energy, energy of motion). The transfer of energy can be tracked as energy flows through a designed or natural system."},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand much of science deals with constructing explanations of how things change and how they remain stable. They quantify and model changes in systems over very short or very long periods of time. They see some changes are irreversible, and negative feedback can stabilize a system, while positive feedback can destabilize it. They recognize systems can be designed for greater or lesser stability"},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand much of science deals with constructing explanations of how things change and how they remain stable. They quantify and model changes in systems over very short or very long periods of time. They see some changes are irreversible, and negative feedback can stabilize a system, while positive feedback can destabilize it. They recognize systems can be designed for greater or lesser stability"},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students explain stability and change in natural or designed systems by examining changes over time, and considering forces at different scales, including the atomic scale. Students learn changes in one part of a system might cause large changes in another part, systems in dynamic equilibrium are stable due to a balance of feedback mechanisms, and stability might be disturbed by either sudden events or gradual changes that accumulate over time"}],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Feedback effects exist within and among Earth’s systems.The geological record shows that changes to global and regional climate can be caused by interactions among changes in the sun’s energy output or Earth’s orbit, tectonic events, ocean circulation, volcanic activity, glaciers, vegetation, and human activities."},{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Energy flows and matter cycles within and among Earth’s systems, including the sun and Earth’s interior as primary energy sources. Plate tectonics is one result of these processes."},{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Four major Earth systems interact. Rainfall helps to shape the land and affects the types of living things found in a region. Water, ice, wind, organisms, and gravity break rocks, soils, and sediments into smaller pieces and move them around"},{"title":"ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth's Processes","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Most of Earth’s water is in the ocean and much of the Earth’s fresh water is in glaciers or underground."},{"title":"ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth's Processes","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Water cycles among land, ocean, and atmosphere, and is propelled by sunlight and gravity. Density variations of sea water drive interconnected ocean currents. Water movement causes weathering and erosion, changing landscape features."},{"title":"ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth's Processes","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The planet’s dynamics are greatly influenced by water’s unique chemical and physical properties."},{"title":"ESS2.E Biogeology","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The biosphere and Earth’s other systems have many interconnections that cause a continual co-evolution of Earth’s surface and life on it"},{"title":"ESS3.A Natural Resources","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Resource availability has guided the development of human society and use of natural resources has associated costs, risks, and\r\nbenefits."},{"title":"ESS3.A Natural Resources","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Humans depend on Earth’s land, ocean, atmosphere, and biosphere for different resources, many of which are limited or not renewable. Resources are distributed unevenly around the planet as a result of past geologic processes"},{"title":"ESS3.A Natural Resources","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Energy and fuels humans use are derived from natural sources and their use affects the environment. Some resources are renewable over time, others are not."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Sustainability of human societies and the biodiversity that supports them requires responsible management of natural resources, including the development of technologies that produce less pollution and waste and that preclude ecosystem degradation."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Human activities have altered the biosphere, sometimes damaging it, although changes to environments can have different impacts for different living things. Activities and technologies can be engineered to reduce people’s impacts on Earth."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Societal activities have had major effects on the land, ocean, atmosphere, and even outer space. Societal activities can also help protect Earth’s resources and environments."},{"title":"PS2.A Forces and Motion","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Newton’s 2nd law (F=ma) and the conservation of momentum can be used to predict changes in the motion of macroscopic objects."},{"title":"PS2.A Forces and Motion","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"The role of the mass of an object must be qualitatively accounted for in any change of motion due to the application of a force."},{"title":"PS2.A Forces and Motion","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"The effect of unbalanced forces on an object results in a change of motion. Patterns of motion can be used to predict future motion. Some forces act through contact, some forces act even when the objects are not in contact. The gravitational force of Earth acting on an object near Earth’s surface pulls that object toward the planet’s center"},{"title":"PS2.B Types of Interactions","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Forces that act at a distance involve fields that can be mapped by their relative strength and effect on an object."},{"title":"PS2.B Types of Interactions","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Forces at a distance are explained by fields that can transfer energy and can be described in terms of the arrangement and properties of the interacting objects and the distance between them. These forces can be used to describe the relationship between electrical and magnetic fields."},{"title":"PS2.C Stability & Instability in Physical Systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Systems often change in predictable ways; understanding the forces that drive the transformations and cycles within a system, as well as the forces imposed on the system from the outside, helps predict its behavior under a variety of conditions. When a system has a great number of component pieces, one may not be able to predict much about its precise future. For such systems (e.g., with very many colliding molecules), one can often predict average but not detailed properties and behaviors (e.g., average temperature, motion, and rates of chemical change but not the trajectories or other changes of particular molecules). Systems may evolve in unpredictable ways when the outcome depends sensitively on the starting condition and the starting condition cannot be specified precisely enough to distinguish between different possible outcomes."},{"title":"PS3.C Relationship between energy and forces","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Fields contain energy that depends on the arrangement of the objects in the field."},{"title":"PS3.C Relationship between energy and forces","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Fields contain energy that depends on the arrangement of the objects in the field."},{"title":"PS3.C Relationship between energy and forces","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"When two objects interact, each one exerts a force on the other, and these forces can transfer energy between them."},{"title":"PS4.A Wave Properties","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The wavelength and frequency of a wave are related to one another by the speed of the wave, which depends on the type of wave and the medium through which it is passing. Waves can be used to transmit information and energy."},{"title":"PS4.A Wave Properties","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"A simple wave model has a repeating pattern with a specific wavelength, frequency, and amplitude, and mechanical waves need a medium through which they are transmitted. This model can explain many phenomena including sound and light. Waves can transmit energy"},{"title":"PS4.C Information Technologies and Instrumentation","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Large amounts of information can be stored and shipped around as a result of being digitized."},{"title":"PS4.C Information Technologies and Instrumentation","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Waves can be used to transmit digital information. 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Some resources are renewable over time, others are not."},{"title":"ESS3.A Natural Resources","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Living things need water, air, and resources from the land, and they live in places that have the things they need. Humans use natural resources for everything they do."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Natural hazards and other geological events have shaped the course of human history at local, regional, and global scales. Human activities can contribute to the frequency and intensity of some natural hazards."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Mapping the history of natural hazards in a region and understanding related geological forces can help forecast the locations and likelihoods of future events, such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and severe weather."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"A variety of hazards result from natural processes; humans cannot eliminate hazards but can reduce their impacts."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Sustainability of human societies and the biodiversity that supports them requires responsible management of natural resources, including the development of technologies that produce less pollution and waste and that preclude ecosystem degradation."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Human activities have altered the biosphere, sometimes damaging it, although changes to environments can have different impacts for different living things. Activities and technologies can be engineered to reduce people’s impacts on Earth."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Societal activities have had major effects on the land, ocean, atmosphere, and even outer space. Societal activities can also help protect Earth’s resources and environments."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Things people do can affect the environment but they can make choices to reduce their impacts."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Global climate models used to predict changes continue to be improved, although discoveries about the global climate system are ongoing and continually needed."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Human activities affect global warming. Decisions to reduce the impact of global warming depend on understanding climate science, engineering capabilities, and social dynamics."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"If Earth’s global mean temperature continues to rise, the lives of humans and other organisms will be affected in many different ways."},{"title":"LS4.D Biodiversity & Humans","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Populations of organisms live in a variety of habitats. Change in those habitats affects the organisms living there"},{"title":"LS4.D Biodiversity & Humans","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Changes in biodiversity can influence humans’ resources and ecosystem services they rely on."},{"title":"LS4.D Biodiversity & Humans","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Biodiversity is increased by formation of new species and reduced by extinction. Humans depend on biodiversity but also have adverse impacts on it. 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Energy can be converted from one form to another form."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The total energy within a system is conserved. Energy transfer within and between systems can be described and predicted in terms of energy associated with the motion or configuration of particles (objects)."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Kinetic energy can be distinguished from the various forms of potential energy. Energy changes to and from each type can be tracked through physical or chemical interactions. The relationship between the temperature and the total energy of a system depends on the types, states, and amounts of matter."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Moving objects contain energy. The faster the object moves, the more energy it has. Energy can be moved from place to place by moving objects, or through sound, light, or electrical currents. Energy can be converted from one form to another form."},{"title":"PS3.B Conservation of Energy and Energy Transfer","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Kinetic energy can be distinguished from the various forms of potential energy. Energy changes to and from each type can be tracked through physical or chemical interactions. The relationship between the temperature and the total energy of a system depends on the types, states, and amounts of matter."},{"title":"PS3.B Conservation of Energy and Energy Transfer","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Systems move toward stable states."},{"title":"PS4.A Wave Properties","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The wavelength and frequency of a wave are related to one another by the speed of the wave, which depends on the type of wave and the medium through which it is passing. Waves can be used to transmit information and energy."},{"title":"PS4.A Wave Properties","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"A simple wave model has a repeating pattern with a specific wavelength, frequency, and amplitude, and mechanical waves need a medium through which they are transmitted. This model can explain many phenomena including sound and light. 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They can also use models and simulations to predict the behavior of a system, and recognize that these predictions have limited precision and reliability due to the assumptions and approximations inherent in the models. They can also design systems to do specific tasks."},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students can understand that systems may interact with other systems; they may have sub-systems and be a part of larger complex systems. They can use models to represent systems and their interactions—such as inputs, processes and outputs—and energy, matter, and information flows within systems. They can also learn that models are limited in that they only represent certain aspects of the system under study."},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students understand that a system is a group of related parts that make up a whole and can carry out functions its individual parts cannot. They can also describe a system in terms of its components and their interactions."},{"title":"C5 Energy and Matter","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Students observe objects may break into smaller pieces, be put together into larger pieces, or change shapes."}],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Sustainability of human societies and the biodiversity that supports them requires responsible management of natural resources, including the development of technologies that produce less pollution and waste and that preclude ecosystem degradation."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Human activities have altered the biosphere, sometimes damaging it, although changes to environments can have different impacts for different living things. Activities and technologies can be engineered to reduce people’s impacts on Earth."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Societal activities have had major effects on the land, ocean, atmosphere, and even outer space. Societal activities can also help protect Earth’s resources and environments."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Things people do can affect the environment but they can make choices to reduce their impacts."},{"title":"PS4.A Wave Properties","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The wavelength and frequency of a wave are related to one another by the speed of the wave, which depends on the type of wave and the medium through which it is passing. Waves can be used to transmit information and energy."},{"title":"PS4.A Wave Properties","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"A simple wave model has a repeating pattern with a specific wavelength, frequency, and amplitude, and mechanical waves need a medium through which they are transmitted. This model can explain many phenomena including sound and light. Waves can transmit energy"},{"title":"PS4.A Wave Properties","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Waves are regular patterns of motion, which can be made in water by disturbing the surface. Waves of the same type can differ in amplitude and wavelength. Waves can make objects move."},{"title":"PS4.B Electromagnetic Radiation","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Both an electromagnetic wave model and a photon model explain features of electromagnetic radiation broadly and describe common applications of electromagnetic radiation."},{"title":"PS4.C Information Technologies and Instrumentation","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Large amounts of information can be stored and shipped around as a result of being digitized."},{"title":"PS4.C Information Technologies and Instrumentation","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Waves can be used to transmit digital information. Digitized information is comprised of a pattern of 1s and 0s."},{"title":"PS4.C Information Technologies and Instrumentation","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Patterns can encode, send, receive and decode information."},{"title":"PS4.C Information Technologies and Instrumentation","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"People use devices to send and receive information."}],"sciEngPractices":[]},"gradeRange":[0,12]},{"id":731,"name":"Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai 2022 Volcano Eruption","fullText":"hunga tonga-hunga ha’apai 2022 volcano eruption tsunamis volcano eruptions volcanoes natural disasters scott bachmeier noaa's cooperative institute for meteorological satellite studies (cimss) angel amores rick kohrs noaa's cooperative institute for meteorological satellite studies (cimss) margaret mooney noaa's cooperative institute for meteorological satellite studies (cimss) rick kohrs uw-madison space science and engineering center (ssec) clayton suplinski uw-madison space science and engineering center (ssec)","dateAdded":"2022-06-15T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"hunga-tonga-hunga-ha-apai-2022-volcano-eruption","url":"/catalog/datasets/hunga-tonga-hunga-ha-apai-2022-volcano-eruption","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/extras/hunga-tonga/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/extras/hunga-tonga/playlist.sos","isRealtime":0,"startDate":null,"endDate":null,"hasAudio":1,"isNarratedMovie":1,"isSos":1,"isSosx":0,"variations":[],"themes":["Natural Disasters"],"keywords":["Tsunamis","Volcano Eruptions","Volcanoes"],"categories":{"Water":["Tsunamis"],"Land":["Plate Tectonics"],"Air":["Weather"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[],"sciEngPractices":[]}},{"id":674,"name":"Hurricane Harvey: Clouds with Precipitation - 2017","fullText":"hurricane harvey: clouds with precipitation - 2017 atmosphere casualties global precipitation measurement (gpm) hurricanes ir satellite severe weather tropical cyclones major events natural disasters nasa / goddard space flight center (gsfc) / precipitation processing system  steve albers george j. huffman  nasa / global precipitation measurement mission nasa / goddard space flight center (gsfc) / scientific visualization studio (svs) noaa / science on a sphere (sos)","dateAdded":"2017-09-19T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"hurricane-harvey-clouds-with-precipitation-2017","url":"/catalog/datasets/hurricane-harvey-clouds-with-precipitation-2017","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/atmosphere/harvey/clouds_precip/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/atmosphere/harvey/clouds_precip/playlist.sos","isRealtime":0,"startDate":"2017-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","endDate":"2017-09-02T00:00:00.000Z","hasAudio":false,"isNarratedMovie":0,"isSos":1,"isSosx":1,"variations":[],"themes":["Major Events","Natural Disasters"],"keywords":["Atmosphere","Casualties","Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM)","Hurricanes","IR Satellite","Severe Weather","Tropical Cyclones"],"categories":{"Water":["Tropical Cyclones"],"Air":["Tropical Cyclones","Weather"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Students observe some things stay the same while other things change, and things may change slowly or rapidly."},{"title":"C3 Scale Proportion and Quantity","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students recognize natural objects and observable phenomena exist from the very small to the immensely large. They use standard units to measure and describe physical quantities such as weight, time, temperature, and volume."},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students measure change in terms of differences over time, and observe that change may occur at different rates. Students learn some systems appear stable, but over long periods of time they will eventually change."},{"title":"C1 Patterns","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students recognize that macroscopic patterns are related to the nature of microscopic and atomic-level structure. They identify patterns in rates of change and other numerical relationships that provide information about natural and human designed systems. They use patterns to identify cause and effect relationships, and use graphs and charts to identify patterns in data."},{"title":"C3 Scale Proportion and Quantity","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students observe time, space, and energy phenomena at various scales using models to study systems that are too large or too small. They understand phenomena observed at one scale may not be observable at another scale, and the function of natural and designed systems may change with scale. They use proportional relationships (e.g., speed as the ratio of distance traveled to time taken) to gather information about the magnitude of properties and processes. They represent scientific relationships through the use of algebraic expressions and equations"},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students explain stability and change in natural or designed systems by examining changes over time, and considering forces at different scales, including the atomic scale. Students learn changes in one part of a system might cause large changes in another part, systems in dynamic equilibrium are stable due to a balance of feedback mechanisms, and stability might be disturbed by either sudden events or gradual changes that accumulate over time"},{"title":"C3 Scale Proportion and Quantity","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand the significance of a phenomenon is dependent on the scale, proportion, and quantity at which it occurs. They recognize patterns observable at one scale may not be observable or exist at other scales, and some systems can only be studied indirectly as they are too small, too large, too fast, or too slow to observe directly. Students use orders of magnitude to understand how a model at one scale relates to a model at another scale. They use algebraic thinking to examine scientific data and predict the effect of a change in one variable on another (e.g., linear growth vs. exponential growth)."},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students can investigate or analyze a system by defining its boundaries and initial conditions, as well as its inputs and outputs. They can use models (e.g., physical, mathematical, computer models) to simulate the flow of energy, matter, and interactions within and between systems at different scales. They can also use models and simulations to predict the behavior of a system, and recognize that these predictions have limited precision and reliability due to the assumptions and approximations inherent in the models. They can also design systems to do specific tasks."},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand much of science deals with constructing explanations of how things change and how they remain stable. They quantify and model changes in systems over very short or very long periods of time. They see some changes are irreversible, and negative feedback can stabilize a system, while positive feedback can destabilize it. They recognize systems can be designed for greater or lesser stability"}],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Wind and water change the shape of the land"},{"title":"ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth's Processes","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Water is found in many types of places and in different forms on Earth"},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Weather is the combination of sunlight, wind, snow or rain, and temperature in a particular region and time. People record weather patterns over time"},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"In a region, some kinds of severe weather are more likely than others. Forecasts allow communities to prepare for severe weather."},{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Four major Earth systems interact. Rainfall helps to shape the land and affects the types of living things found in a region. Water, ice, wind, organisms, and gravity break rocks, soils, and sediments into smaller pieces and move them around"},{"title":"ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth's Processes","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Most of Earth’s water is in the ocean and much of the Earth’s fresh water is in glaciers or underground."},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Climate describes patterns of typical weather conditions over different scales and variations. Historical weather patterns can be analyzed so that they can make predictions about what kind of weather might happen next."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"A variety of hazards result from natural processes; humans cannot eliminate hazards but can reduce their impacts."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Societal activities have had major effects on the land, ocean, atmosphere, and even outer space. Societal activities can also help protect Earth’s resources and environments."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"If Earth’s global mean temperature continues to rise, the lives of humans and other organisms will be affected in many different ways."},{"title":"PS2.A Forces and Motion","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"The effect of unbalanced forces on an object results in a change of motion. Patterns of motion can be used to predict future motion. Some forces act through contact, some forces act even when the objects are not in contact. The gravitational force of Earth acting on an object near Earth’s surface pulls that object toward the planet’s center"},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Moving objects contain energy. The faster the object moves, the more energy it has. Energy can be moved from place to place by moving objects, or through sound, light, or electrical currents. Energy can be converted from one form to another form."},{"title":"ESS1.C The History of Planet Earth","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Certain features on Earth can be used to order events that have occurred in a landscape."},{"title":"ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth's Processes","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Water cycles among land, ocean, and atmosphere, and is propelled by sunlight and gravity. Density variations of sea water drive interconnected ocean currents. Water movement causes weathering and erosion, changing landscape features."},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Complex interactions determine local weather patterns and influence climate, including the role of the ocean."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Mapping the history of natural hazards in a region and understanding related geological forces can help forecast the locations and likelihoods of future events, such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and severe weather."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Human activities have altered the biosphere, sometimes damaging it, although changes to environments can have different impacts for different living things. Activities and technologies can be engineered to reduce people’s impacts on Earth."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Human activities affect global warming. Decisions to reduce the impact of global warming depend on understanding climate science, engineering capabilities, and social dynamics."},{"title":"PS2.A Forces and Motion","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"The role of the mass of an object must be qualitatively accounted for in any change of motion due to the application of a force."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Kinetic energy can be distinguished from the various forms of potential energy. Energy changes to and from each type can be tracked through physical or chemical interactions. The relationship between the temperature and the total energy of a system depends on the types, states, and amounts of matter."},{"title":"PS3.C Relationship between energy and forces","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"When two objects interact, each one exerts a force on the other, and these forces can transfer energy between them."},{"title":"PS4.A Wave Properties","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"A simple wave model has a repeating pattern with a specific wavelength, frequency, and amplitude, and mechanical waves need a medium through which they are transmitted. This model can explain many phenomena including sound and light. Waves can transmit energy"},{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Feedback effects exist within and among Earth’s systems.The geological record shows that changes to global and regional climate can be caused by interactions among changes in the sun’s energy output or Earth’s orbit, tectonic events, ocean circulation, volcanic activity, glaciers, vegetation, and human activities."},{"title":"ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth's Processes","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The planet’s dynamics are greatly influenced by water’s unique chemical and physical properties."},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The role of radiation from the sun and its interactions with the atmosphere, ocean, and land are the foundation for the global climate system. Global climate models are used to predict future changes, including changes influenced by human behavior and natural factors"},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Natural hazards and other geological events have shaped the course of human history at local, regional, and global scales. Human activities can contribute to the frequency and intensity of some natural hazards."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Sustainability of human societies and the biodiversity that supports them requires responsible management of natural resources, including the development of technologies that produce less pollution and waste and that preclude ecosystem degradation."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Global climate models used to predict changes continue to be improved, although discoveries about the global climate system are ongoing and continually needed."},{"title":"PS2.A Forces and Motion","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Newton’s 2nd law (F=ma) and the conservation of momentum can be used to predict changes in the motion of macroscopic objects."},{"title":"PS2.C Stability & Instability in Physical Systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Systems often change in predictable ways; understanding the forces that drive the transformations and cycles within a system, as well as the forces imposed on the system from the outside, helps predict its behavior under a variety of conditions. When a system has a great number of component pieces, one may not be able to predict much about its precise future. For such systems (e.g., with very many colliding molecules), one can often predict average but not detailed properties and behaviors (e.g., average temperature, motion, and rates of chemical change but not the trajectories or other changes of particular molecules). Systems may evolve in unpredictable ways when the outcome depends sensitively on the starting condition and the starting condition cannot be specified precisely enough to distinguish between different possible outcomes."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The total energy within a system is conserved. Energy transfer within and between systems can be described and predicted in terms of energy associated with the motion or configuration of particles (objects)."},{"title":"PS4.A Wave Properties","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The wavelength and frequency of a wave are related to one another by the speed of the wave, which depends on the type of wave and the medium through which it is passing. Waves can be used to transmit information and energy."}],"sciEngPractices":[]},"gradeRange":[0,12]},{"id":680,"name":"Hurricane Maria - 2017","fullText":"hurricane maria - 2017 atmosphere hurricanes severe weather tropical cyclones natural disasters steve albers noaa / aviation weather center (awc) steve albers","dateAdded":"2018-01-08T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"hurricane-maria-2017","url":"/catalog/datasets/hurricane-maria-2017","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/atmosphere/maria/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"","isRealtime":0,"startDate":null,"endDate":null,"hasAudio":false,"isNarratedMovie":0,"isSos":0,"isSosx":1,"variations":[],"themes":["Natural Disasters"],"keywords":["Atmosphere","Hurricanes","Severe Weather","Tropical Cyclones"],"categories":{"Water":["Tropical Cyclones"],"Air":["Tropical Cyclones","Weather"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Students observe some things stay the same while other things change, and things may change slowly or rapidly."},{"title":"C3 Scale Proportion and Quantity","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students recognize natural objects and observable phenomena exist from the very small to the immensely large. 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They use patterns to identify cause and effect relationships, and use graphs and charts to identify patterns in data."},{"title":"C3 Scale Proportion and Quantity","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students observe time, space, and energy phenomena at various scales using models to study systems that are too large or too small. They understand phenomena observed at one scale may not be observable at another scale, and the function of natural and designed systems may change with scale. They use proportional relationships (e.g., speed as the ratio of distance traveled to time taken) to gather information about the magnitude of properties and processes. They represent scientific relationships through the use of algebraic expressions and equations"},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students explain stability and change in natural or designed systems by examining changes over time, and considering forces at different scales, including the atomic scale. 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They use algebraic thinking to examine scientific data and predict the effect of a change in one variable on another (e.g., linear growth vs. exponential growth)."},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students can investigate or analyze a system by defining its boundaries and initial conditions, as well as its inputs and outputs. They can use models (e.g., physical, mathematical, computer models) to simulate the flow of energy, matter, and interactions within and between systems at different scales. They can also use models and simulations to predict the behavior of a system, and recognize that these predictions have limited precision and reliability due to the assumptions and approximations inherent in the models. They can also design systems to do specific tasks."},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand much of science deals with constructing explanations of how things change and how they remain stable. They quantify and model changes in systems over very short or very long periods of time. They see some changes are irreversible, and negative feedback can stabilize a system, while positive feedback can destabilize it. They recognize systems can be designed for greater or lesser stability"}],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Wind and water change the shape of the land"},{"title":"ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth's Processes","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Water is found in many types of places and in different forms on Earth"},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Weather is the combination of sunlight, wind, snow or rain, and temperature in a particular region and time. People record weather patterns over time"},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"In a region, some kinds of severe weather are more likely than others. Forecasts allow communities to prepare for severe weather."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Things people do can affect the environment but they can make choices to reduce their impacts."},{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Four major Earth systems interact. Rainfall helps to shape the land and affects the types of living things found in a region. Water, ice, wind, organisms, and gravity break rocks, soils, and sediments into smaller pieces and move them around"},{"title":"ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth's Processes","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Most of Earth’s water is in the ocean and much of the Earth’s fresh water is in glaciers or underground."},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Climate describes patterns of typical weather conditions over different scales and variations. Historical weather patterns can be analyzed so that they can make predictions about what kind of weather might happen next."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"A variety of hazards result from natural processes; humans cannot eliminate hazards but can reduce their impacts."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Societal activities have had major effects on the land, ocean, atmosphere, and even outer space. Societal activities can also help protect Earth’s resources and environments."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"If Earth’s global mean temperature continues to rise, the lives of humans and other organisms will be affected in many different ways."},{"title":"PS2.A Forces and Motion","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"The effect of unbalanced forces on an object results in a change of motion. Patterns of motion can be used to predict future motion. Some forces act through contact, some forces act even when the objects are not in contact. The gravitational force of Earth acting on an object near Earth’s surface pulls that object toward the planet’s center"},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Moving objects contain energy. The faster the object moves, the more energy it has. Energy can be moved from place to place by moving objects, or through sound, light, or electrical currents. Energy can be converted from one form to another form."},{"title":"ESS1.C The History of Planet Earth","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Certain features on Earth can be used to order events that have occurred in a landscape."},{"title":"ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth's Processes","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Water cycles among land, ocean, and atmosphere, and is propelled by sunlight and gravity. Density variations of sea water drive interconnected ocean currents. Water movement causes weathering and erosion, changing landscape features."},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Complex interactions determine local weather patterns and influence climate, including the role of the ocean."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Mapping the history of natural hazards in a region and understanding related geological forces can help forecast the locations and likelihoods of future events, such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and severe weather."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Human activities have altered the biosphere, sometimes damaging it, although changes to environments can have different impacts for different living things. Activities and technologies can be engineered to reduce people’s impacts on Earth."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Human activities affect global warming. Decisions to reduce the impact of global warming depend on understanding climate science, engineering capabilities, and social dynamics."},{"title":"PS2.A Forces and Motion","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"The role of the mass of an object must be qualitatively accounted for in any change of motion due to the application of a force."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Kinetic energy can be distinguished from the various forms of potential energy. Energy changes to and from each type can be tracked through physical or chemical interactions. The relationship between the temperature and the total energy of a system depends on the types, states, and amounts of matter."},{"title":"PS3.C Relationship between energy and forces","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"When two objects interact, each one exerts a force on the other, and these forces can transfer energy between them."},{"title":"PS4.A Wave Properties","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"A simple wave model has a repeating pattern with a specific wavelength, frequency, and amplitude, and mechanical waves need a medium through which they are transmitted. This model can explain many phenomena including sound and light. Waves can transmit energy"},{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Feedback effects exist within and among Earth’s systems.The geological record shows that changes to global and regional climate can be caused by interactions among changes in the sun’s energy output or Earth’s orbit, tectonic events, ocean circulation, volcanic activity, glaciers, vegetation, and human activities."},{"title":"ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth's Processes","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The planet’s dynamics are greatly influenced by water’s unique chemical and physical properties."},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The role of radiation from the sun and its interactions with the atmosphere, ocean, and land are the foundation for the global climate system. Global climate models are used to predict future changes, including changes influenced by human behavior and natural factors"},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Natural hazards and other geological events have shaped the course of human history at local, regional, and global scales. Human activities can contribute to the frequency and intensity of some natural hazards."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Sustainability of human societies and the biodiversity that supports them requires responsible management of natural resources, including the development of technologies that produce less pollution and waste and that preclude ecosystem degradation."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Global climate models used to predict changes continue to be improved, although discoveries about the global climate system are ongoing and continually needed."},{"title":"PS2.A Forces and Motion","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Newton’s 2nd law (F=ma) and the conservation of momentum can be used to predict changes in the motion of macroscopic objects."},{"title":"PS2.C Stability & Instability in Physical Systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Systems often change in predictable ways; understanding the forces that drive the transformations and cycles within a system, as well as the forces imposed on the system from the outside, helps predict its behavior under a variety of conditions. When a system has a great number of component pieces, one may not be able to predict much about its precise future. For such systems (e.g., with very many colliding molecules), one can often predict average but not detailed properties and behaviors (e.g., average temperature, motion, and rates of chemical change but not the trajectories or other changes of particular molecules). Systems may evolve in unpredictable ways when the outcome depends sensitively on the starting condition and the starting condition cannot be specified precisely enough to distinguish between different possible outcomes."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The total energy within a system is conserved. Energy transfer within and between systems can be described and predicted in terms of energy associated with the motion or configuration of particles (objects)."},{"title":"PS4.A Wave Properties","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The wavelength and frequency of a wave are related to one another by the speed of the wave, which depends on the type of wave and the medium through which it is passing. Waves can be used to transmit information and energy."}],"sciEngPractices":[]},"gradeRange":[0,12]},{"id":578,"name":"Hurricane Sandy: Linear IR - Oct. 2012","fullText":"hurricane sandy: linear ir - oct. 2012 atmosphere casualties hurricanes ir satellite severe weather tropical cyclones major events natural disasters noaa / science on a sphere (sos) noaa / science on a sphere (sos)","dateAdded":"2015-08-07T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"hurricane-sandy-linear-ir-oct-2012","url":"/catalog/datasets/hurricane-sandy-linear-ir-oct-2012","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/atmosphere/sandy/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/atmosphere/sandy/playlist.sos","isRealtime":0,"startDate":"2012-10-22T00:00:00.000Z","endDate":"2012-11-01T00:00:00.000Z","hasAudio":false,"isNarratedMovie":0,"isSos":1,"isSosx":1,"variations":[],"themes":["Major Events","Natural Disasters"],"keywords":["Atmosphere","Casualties","Hurricanes","IR Satellite","Severe Weather","Tropical Cyclones"],"categories":{"Water":["Tropical Cyclones"],"Air":["Weather"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[{"title":"C1 Patterns","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students recognize that macroscopic patterns are related to the nature of microscopic and atomic-level structure. 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They use algebraic thinking to examine scientific data and predict the effect of a change in one variable on another (e.g., linear growth vs. exponential growth)."},{"title":"C3 Scale Proportion and Quantity","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students observe time, space, and energy phenomena at various scales using models to study systems that are too large or too small. They understand phenomena observed at one scale may not be observable at another scale, and the function of natural and designed systems may change with scale. They use proportional relationships (e.g., speed as the ratio of distance traveled to time taken) to gather information about the magnitude of properties and processes. They represent scientific relationships through the use of algebraic expressions and equations"},{"title":"C3 Scale Proportion and Quantity","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students recognize natural objects and observable phenomena exist from the very small to the immensely large. They use standard units to measure and describe physical quantities such as weight, time, temperature, and volume."},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students can investigate or analyze a system by defining its boundaries and initial conditions, as well as its inputs and outputs. They can use models (e.g., physical, mathematical, computer models) to simulate the flow of energy, matter, and interactions within and between systems at different scales. They can also use models and simulations to predict the behavior of a system, and recognize that these predictions have limited precision and reliability due to the assumptions and approximations inherent in the models. They can also design systems to do specific tasks."},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand much of science deals with constructing explanations of how things change and how they remain stable. They quantify and model changes in systems over very short or very long periods of time. They see some changes are irreversible, and negative feedback can stabilize a system, while positive feedback can destabilize it. They recognize systems can be designed for greater or lesser stability"},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand much of science deals with constructing explanations of how things change and how they remain stable. They quantify and model changes in systems over very short or very long periods of time. They see some changes are irreversible, and negative feedback can stabilize a system, while positive feedback can destabilize it. They recognize systems can be designed for greater or lesser stability"},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students explain stability and change in natural or designed systems by examining changes over time, and considering forces at different scales, including the atomic scale. Students learn changes in one part of a system might cause large changes in another part, systems in dynamic equilibrium are stable due to a balance of feedback mechanisms, and stability might be disturbed by either sudden events or gradual changes that accumulate over time"},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students measure change in terms of differences over time, and observe that change may occur at different rates. Students learn some systems appear stable, but over long periods of time they will eventually change."},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Students observe some things stay the same while other things change, and things may change slowly or rapidly."}],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Feedback effects exist within and among Earth’s systems.The geological record shows that changes to global and regional climate can be caused by interactions among changes in the sun’s energy output or Earth’s orbit, tectonic events, ocean circulation, volcanic activity, glaciers, vegetation, and human activities."},{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Energy flows and matter cycles within and among Earth’s systems, including the sun and Earth’s interior as primary energy sources. Plate tectonics is one result of these processes."},{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Four major Earth systems interact. Rainfall helps to shape the land and affects the types of living things found in a region. Water, ice, wind, organisms, and gravity break rocks, soils, and sediments into smaller pieces and move them around"},{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Wind and water change the shape of the land"},{"title":"ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth's Processes","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Water is found in many types of places and in different forms on Earth"},{"title":"ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth's Processes","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Most of Earth’s water is in the ocean and much of the Earth’s fresh water is in glaciers or underground."},{"title":"ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth's Processes","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Water cycles among land, ocean, and atmosphere, and is propelled by sunlight and gravity. Density variations of sea water drive interconnected ocean currents. Water movement causes weathering and erosion, changing landscape features."},{"title":"ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth's Processes","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The planet’s dynamics are greatly influenced by water’s unique chemical and physical properties."},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The role of radiation from the sun and its interactions with the atmosphere, ocean, and land are the foundation for the global climate system. Global climate models are used to predict future changes, including changes influenced by human behavior and natural factors"},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Complex interactions determine local weather patterns and influence climate, including the role of the ocean."},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Climate describes patterns of typical weather conditions over different scales and variations. Historical weather patterns can be analyzed so that they can make predictions about what kind of weather might happen next."},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Weather is the combination of sunlight, wind, snow or rain, and temperature in a particular region and time. People record weather patterns over time"},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Natural hazards and other geological events have shaped the course of human history at local, regional, and global scales. Human activities can contribute to the frequency and intensity of some natural hazards."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Mapping the history of natural hazards in a region and understanding related geological forces can help forecast the locations and likelihoods of future events, such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and severe weather."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"A variety of hazards result from natural processes; humans cannot eliminate hazards but can reduce their impacts."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"In a region, some kinds of severe weather are more likely than others. Forecasts allow communities to prepare for severe weather."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Sustainability of human societies and the biodiversity that supports them requires responsible management of natural resources, including the development of technologies that produce less pollution and waste and that preclude ecosystem degradation."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Human activities have altered the biosphere, sometimes damaging it, although changes to environments can have different impacts for different living things. Activities and technologies can be engineered to reduce people’s impacts on Earth."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Societal activities have had major effects on the land, ocean, atmosphere, and even outer space. Societal activities can also help protect Earth’s resources and environments."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Global climate models used to predict changes continue to be improved, although discoveries about the global climate system are ongoing and continually needed."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Human activities affect global warming. Decisions to reduce the impact of global warming depend on understanding climate science, engineering capabilities, and social dynamics."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"If Earth’s global mean temperature continues to rise, the lives of humans and other organisms will be affected in many different ways."},{"title":"PS2.A Forces and Motion","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Newton’s 2nd law (F=ma) and the conservation of momentum can be used to predict changes in the motion of macroscopic objects."},{"title":"PS2.A Forces and Motion","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"The role of the mass of an object must be qualitatively accounted for in any change of motion due to the application of a force."},{"title":"PS2.A Forces and Motion","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"The effect of unbalanced forces on an object results in a change of motion. Patterns of motion can be used to predict future motion. Some forces act through contact, some forces act even when the objects are not in contact. The gravitational force of Earth acting on an object near Earth’s surface pulls that object toward the planet’s center"},{"title":"PS2.C Stability & Instability in Physical Systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Systems often change in predictable ways; understanding the forces that drive the transformations and cycles within a system, as well as the forces imposed on the system from the outside, helps predict its behavior under a variety of conditions. When a system has a great number of component pieces, one may not be able to predict much about its precise future. For such systems (e.g., with very many colliding molecules), one can often predict average but not detailed properties and behaviors (e.g., average temperature, motion, and rates of chemical change but not the trajectories or other changes of particular molecules). Systems may evolve in unpredictable ways when the outcome depends sensitively on the starting condition and the starting condition cannot be specified precisely enough to distinguish between different possible outcomes."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Moving objects contain energy. The faster the object moves, the more energy it has. Energy can be moved from place to place by moving objects, or through sound, light, or electrical currents. Energy can be converted from one form to another form."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The total energy within a system is conserved. Energy transfer within and between systems can be described and predicted in terms of energy associated with the motion or configuration of particles (objects)."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Kinetic energy can be distinguished from the various forms of potential energy. Energy changes to and from each type can be tracked through physical or chemical interactions. The relationship between the temperature and the total energy of a system depends on the types, states, and amounts of matter."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Moving objects contain energy. The faster the object moves, the more energy it has. Energy can be moved from place to place by moving objects, or through sound, light, or electrical currents. Energy can be converted from one form to another form."},{"title":"PS3.C Relationship between energy and forces","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"When two objects interact, each one exerts a force on the other, and these forces can transfer energy between them."},{"title":"PS4.A Wave Properties","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The wavelength and frequency of a wave are related to one another by the speed of the wave, which depends on the type of wave and the medium through which it is passing. Waves can be used to transmit information and energy."},{"title":"PS4.A Wave Properties","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"A simple wave model has a repeating pattern with a specific wavelength, frequency, and amplitude, and mechanical waves need a medium through which they are transmitted. This model can explain many phenomena including sound and light. Waves can transmit energy"}],"sciEngPractices":[]},"gradeRange":[0,12]},{"id":1,"name":"Hurricane Season - 2004","fullText":"hurricane season - 2004 atmosphere hurricanes ir satellite satellites severe weather tropical cyclones natural disasters national oceanic and atmospheric administration (noaa) mike biere noaa / global systems division (gsd)","dateAdded":"2010-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"hurricane-season-2004","url":"/catalog/datasets/hurricane-season-2004","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/atmosphere/2004_ir_hurricane/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/atmosphere/2004_ir_hurricane/playlist.sos","isRealtime":0,"startDate":"2004-07-24T00:00:00.000Z","endDate":"2004-10-21T00:00:00.000Z","hasAudio":true,"isNarratedMovie":0,"isSos":1,"isSosx":0,"variations":[{"name":"Hurricane Season - 2004 (with audio)","hasAudio":1,"isTranslated":null,"playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/atmosphere/2004_ir_hurricane/playlist_audio.sos"}],"themes":["Natural Disasters"],"keywords":["Atmosphere","Hurricanes","IR Satellite","Satellites","Severe Weather","Tropical Cyclones"],"categories":{"Water":["Tropical Cyclones"],"Air":["Tropical Cyclones","Weather"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[{"title":"ESS1.B Earth and the Solar System","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"The Earth’s orbit and rotation, and the orbit of the moon around the Earth cause observable patterns."}],"sciEngPractices":[]},"gradeRange":[3,5]},{"id":3,"name":"Hurricane Season - 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They use standard units to measure and describe physical quantities such as weight, time, temperature, and volume."},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students measure change in terms of differences over time, and observe that change may occur at different rates. Students learn some systems appear stable, but over long periods of time they will eventually change."},{"title":"C1 Patterns","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students recognize that macroscopic patterns are related to the nature of microscopic and atomic-level structure. They identify patterns in rates of change and other numerical relationships that provide information about natural and human designed systems. They use patterns to identify cause and effect relationships, and use graphs and charts to identify patterns in data."},{"title":"C3 Scale Proportion and Quantity","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students observe time, space, and energy phenomena at various scales using models to study systems that are too large or too small. They understand phenomena observed at one scale may not be observable at another scale, and the function of natural and designed systems may change with scale. They use proportional relationships (e.g., speed as the ratio of distance traveled to time taken) to gather information about the magnitude of properties and processes. They represent scientific relationships through the use of algebraic expressions and equations"},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students explain stability and change in natural or designed systems by examining changes over time, and considering forces at different scales, including the atomic scale. Students learn changes in one part of a system might cause large changes in another part, systems in dynamic equilibrium are stable due to a balance of feedback mechanisms, and stability might be disturbed by either sudden events or gradual changes that accumulate over time"},{"title":"C3 Scale Proportion and Quantity","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand the significance of a phenomenon is dependent on the scale, proportion, and quantity at which it occurs. They recognize patterns observable at one scale may not be observable or exist at other scales, and some systems can only be studied indirectly as they are too small, too large, too fast, or too slow to observe directly. Students use orders of magnitude to understand how a model at one scale relates to a model at another scale. They use algebraic thinking to examine scientific data and predict the effect of a change in one variable on another (e.g., linear growth vs. exponential growth)."},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students can investigate or analyze a system by defining its boundaries and initial conditions, as well as its inputs and outputs. They can use models (e.g., physical, mathematical, computer models) to simulate the flow of energy, matter, and interactions within and between systems at different scales. They can also use models and simulations to predict the behavior of a system, and recognize that these predictions have limited precision and reliability due to the assumptions and approximations inherent in the models. They can also design systems to do specific tasks."},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand much of science deals with constructing explanations of how things change and how they remain stable. They quantify and model changes in systems over very short or very long periods of time. They see some changes are irreversible, and negative feedback can stabilize a system, while positive feedback can destabilize it. They recognize systems can be designed for greater or lesser stability"}],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Wind and water change the shape of the land"},{"title":"ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth's Processes","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Water is found in many types of places and in different forms on Earth"},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Weather is the combination of sunlight, wind, snow or rain, and temperature in a particular region and time. People record weather patterns over time"},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"In a region, some kinds of severe weather are more likely than others. Forecasts allow communities to prepare for severe weather."},{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Four major Earth systems interact. Rainfall helps to shape the land and affects the types of living things found in a region. Water, ice, wind, organisms, and gravity break rocks, soils, and sediments into smaller pieces and move them around"},{"title":"ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth's Processes","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Most of Earth’s water is in the ocean and much of the Earth’s fresh water is in glaciers or underground."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Societal activities have had major effects on the land, ocean, atmosphere, and even outer space. Societal activities can also help protect Earth’s resources and environments."},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Climate describes patterns of typical weather conditions over different scales and variations. Historical weather patterns can be analyzed so that they can make predictions about what kind of weather might happen next."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"If Earth’s global mean temperature continues to rise, the lives of humans and other organisms will be affected in many different ways."},{"title":"PS2.A Forces and Motion","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"The effect of unbalanced forces on an object results in a change of motion. Patterns of motion can be used to predict future motion. Some forces act through contact, some forces act even when the objects are not in contact. The gravitational force of Earth acting on an object near Earth’s surface pulls that object toward the planet’s center"},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Moving objects contain energy. The faster the object moves, the more energy it has. Energy can be moved from place to place by moving objects, or through sound, light, or electrical currents. Energy can be converted from one form to another form."},{"title":"ESS1.C The History of Planet Earth","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Certain features on Earth can be used to order events that have occurred in a landscape."},{"title":"ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth's Processes","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Water cycles among land, ocean, and atmosphere, and is propelled by sunlight and gravity. Density variations of sea water drive interconnected ocean currents. Water movement causes weathering and erosion, changing landscape features."},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Complex interactions determine local weather patterns and influence climate, including the role of the ocean."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Mapping the history of natural hazards in a region and understanding related geological forces can help forecast the locations and likelihoods of future events, such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and severe weather."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Human activities have altered the biosphere, sometimes damaging it, although changes to environments can have different impacts for different living things. Activities and technologies can be engineered to reduce people’s impacts on Earth."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Human activities affect global warming. Decisions to reduce the impact of global warming depend on understanding climate science, engineering capabilities, and social dynamics."},{"title":"PS2.A Forces and Motion","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"The role of the mass of an object must be qualitatively accounted for in any change of motion due to the application of a force."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Kinetic energy can be distinguished from the various forms of potential energy. Energy changes to and from each type can be tracked through physical or chemical interactions. The relationship between the temperature and the total energy of a system depends on the types, states, and amounts of matter."},{"title":"PS3.C Relationship between energy and forces","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"When two objects interact, each one exerts a force on the other, and these forces can transfer energy between them."},{"title":"PS4.A Wave Properties","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"A simple wave model has a repeating pattern with a specific wavelength, frequency, and amplitude, and mechanical waves need a medium through which they are transmitted. This model can explain many phenomena including sound and light. Waves can transmit energy"},{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Feedback effects exist within and among Earth’s systems.The geological record shows that changes to global and regional climate can be caused by interactions among changes in the sun’s energy output or Earth’s orbit, tectonic events, ocean circulation, volcanic activity, glaciers, vegetation, and human activities."},{"title":"ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth's Processes","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The planet’s dynamics are greatly influenced by water’s unique chemical and physical properties."},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The role of radiation from the sun and its interactions with the atmosphere, ocean, and land are the foundation for the global climate system. Global climate models are used to predict future changes, including changes influenced by human behavior and natural factors"},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Natural hazards and other geological events have shaped the course of human history at local, regional, and global scales. Human activities can contribute to the frequency and intensity of some natural hazards."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Sustainability of human societies and the biodiversity that supports them requires responsible management of natural resources, including the development of technologies that produce less pollution and waste and that preclude ecosystem degradation."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Global climate models used to predict changes continue to be improved, although discoveries about the global climate system are ongoing and continually needed."},{"title":"PS2.A Forces and Motion","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Newton’s 2nd law (F=ma) and the conservation of momentum can be used to predict changes in the motion of macroscopic objects."},{"title":"PS2.C Stability & Instability in Physical Systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Systems often change in predictable ways; understanding the forces that drive the transformations and cycles within a system, as well as the forces imposed on the system from the outside, helps predict its behavior under a variety of conditions. When a system has a great number of component pieces, one may not be able to predict much about its precise future. For such systems (e.g., with very many colliding molecules), one can often predict average but not detailed properties and behaviors (e.g., average temperature, motion, and rates of chemical change but not the trajectories or other changes of particular molecules). Systems may evolve in unpredictable ways when the outcome depends sensitively on the starting condition and the starting condition cannot be specified precisely enough to distinguish between different possible outcomes."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The total energy within a system is conserved. Energy transfer within and between systems can be described and predicted in terms of energy associated with the motion or configuration of particles (objects)."},{"title":"PS4.A Wave Properties","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The wavelength and frequency of a wave are related to one another by the speed of the wave, which depends on the type of wave and the medium through which it is passing. 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Water movement causes weathering and erosion, changing landscape features."},{"title":"ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth's Processes","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The planet’s dynamics are greatly influenced by water’s unique chemical and physical properties."},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The role of radiation from the sun and its interactions with the atmosphere, ocean, and land are the foundation for the global climate system. Global climate models are used to predict future changes, including changes influenced by human behavior and natural factors"},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Complex interactions determine local weather patterns and influence climate, including the role of the ocean."},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Climate describes patterns of typical weather conditions over different scales and variations. 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Activities and technologies can be engineered to reduce people’s impacts on Earth."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Societal activities have had major effects on the land, ocean, atmosphere, and even outer space. Societal activities can also help protect Earth’s resources and environments."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Global climate models used to predict changes continue to be improved, although discoveries about the global climate system are ongoing and continually needed."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Human activities affect global warming. 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They represent scientific relationships through the use of algebraic expressions and equations"},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students can understand that systems may interact with other systems; they may have sub-systems and be a part of larger complex systems. They can use models to represent systems and their interactions—such as inputs, processes and outputs—and energy, matter, and information flows within systems. They can also learn that models are limited in that they only represent certain aspects of the system under study."},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students understand that a system is a group of related parts that make up a whole and can carry out functions its individual parts cannot. They can also describe a system in terms of its components and their interactions."},{"title":"C6 Structures and Functions","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students investigate systems by examining the properties of different materials, the structures of different components, and their interconnections to reveal the system’s function and/or solve a problem. They infer the functions and properties of natural and designed objects and systems from their overall structure, the way their components are shaped and used, and the molecular substructures of their various materials."},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students explain stability and change in natural or designed systems by examining changes over time, and considering forces at different scales, including the atomic scale. 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Earth and its solar system are part of the Milky Way galaxy, which is one of many galaxies in the universe."},{"title":"ESS1.B Earth and the Solar System","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Kepler’s laws describe common features of the motions of orbiting objects. Observations from astronomy and space probes provide evidence for explanations of solar system formation. Changes in Earth’s tilt and orbit cause climate changes such as Ice Ages"},{"title":"ESS1.B Earth and the Solar System","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"The solar system contains many varied objects held together by gravity. Solar system models explain and predict eclipses, tides, lunar phases, and seasons."},{"title":"ESS1.B Earth and the Solar System","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"The Earth’s orbit and rotation, and the orbit of the moon around the Earth cause observable patterns."},{"title":"ESS2.B Plate Tectonics & Large Scale Interactions","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Radioactive decay within Earth’s interior contributes to thermal convection in the mantle. Plate tectonics can be viewed as the surface expression of mantle convection."},{"title":"ESS2.B Plate Tectonics & Large Scale Interactions","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Plate tectonics is the unifying theory that explains movements of rocks at Earth’s surface and geological history. Maps are used to display evidence of plate movement."},{"title":"ESS2.B Plate Tectonics & Large Scale Interactions","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Earth’s physical features occur in patterns, as do earthquakes and volcanoes. Maps can be used to locate features and determine patterns in those events."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Natural hazards and other geological events have shaped the course of human history at local, regional, and global scales. Human activities can contribute to the frequency and intensity of some natural hazards."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Mapping the history of natural hazards in a region and understanding related geological forces can help forecast the locations and likelihoods of future events, such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and severe weather."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"A variety of hazards result from natural processes; humans cannot eliminate hazards but can reduce their impacts."},{"title":"PS2.A Forces and Motion","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Newton’s 2nd law (F=ma) and the conservation of momentum can be used to predict changes in the motion of macroscopic objects."},{"title":"PS2.A Forces and Motion","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"The role of the mass of an object must be qualitatively accounted for in any change of motion due to the application of a force."},{"title":"PS2.A Forces and Motion","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"The effect of unbalanced forces on an object results in a change of motion. Patterns of motion can be used to predict future motion. Some forces act through contact, some forces act even when the objects are not in contact. The gravitational force of Earth acting on an object near Earth’s surface pulls that object toward the planet’s center"},{"title":"PS2.B Types of Interactions","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Forces that act at a distance involve fields that can be mapped by their relative strength and effect on an object."},{"title":"PS2.B Types of Interactions","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Forces at a distance are explained by fields that can transfer energy and can be described in terms of the arrangement and properties of the interacting objects and the distance between them. These forces can be used to describe the relationship between electrical and magnetic fields."},{"title":"PS3.C Relationship between energy and forces","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Fields contain energy that depends on the arrangement of the objects in the field."},{"title":"PS3.C Relationship between energy and forces","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Fields contain energy that depends on the arrangement of the objects in the field."},{"title":"PS3.C Relationship between energy and forces","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"When two objects interact, each one exerts a force on the other, and these forces can transfer energy between them."}],"sciEngPractices":[]},"gradeRange":[3,12]},{"id":103,"name":"Japan Earthquake - March 2011","fullText":"japan earthquake - march 2011 earthquakes japan oceans tectonics tsunamis major events natural disasters plate tectonics steve albers steve albers","dateAdded":"2010-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"japan-earthquake-march-2011","url":"/catalog/datasets/japan-earthquake-march-2011","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/land/japan_quake/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/land/japan_quake/playlist.sos","isRealtime":0,"startDate":"2011-02-19T00:00:00.000Z","endDate":"2011-03-25T00:00:00.000Z","hasAudio":false,"isNarratedMovie":0,"isSos":1,"isSosx":0,"variations":[],"themes":["Major Events","Natural Disasters","Plate Tectonics"],"keywords":["Earthquakes","Japan","Oceans","Tectonics","Tsunamis"],"categories":{"Land":["Plate Tectonics"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[],"sciEngPractices":[]}},{"id":104,"name":"Japan Earthquake and Tsunami Wave Heights - March 2011","fullText":"japan earthquake and tsunami wave heights - march 2011 earthquakes japan oceans tectonics tsunamis waves major events natural disasters plate tectonics nasa / goddard space flight center (gsfc) nasa / goddard space flight center (gsfc) steve albers","dateAdded":"2010-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"japan-earthquake-and-tsunami-wave-heights-march-2011","url":"/catalog/datasets/japan-earthquake-and-tsunami-wave-heights-march-2011","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/land/japan_quake/with_tsunami/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/land/japan_quake/with_tsunami/playlist.sos","isRealtime":0,"startDate":"2011-02-19T00:00:00.000Z","endDate":"2011-03-25T00:00:00.000Z","hasAudio":false,"isNarratedMovie":0,"isSos":1,"isSosx":0,"variations":[],"themes":["Major Events","Natural Disasters","Plate Tectonics"],"keywords":["Earthquakes","Japan","Oceans","Tectonics","Tsunamis","Waves"],"categories":{"Water":["Tsunamis"],"Land":["Plate Tectonics"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[{"title":"C3 Scale Proportion and Quantity","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students observe time, space, and energy phenomena at various scales using models to study systems that are too large or too small. They understand phenomena observed at one scale may not be observable at another scale, and the function of natural and designed systems may change with scale. They use proportional relationships (e.g., speed as the ratio of distance traveled to time taken) to gather information about the magnitude of properties and processes. 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They identify patterns in rates of change and other numerical relationships that provide information about natural and human designed systems. They use patterns to identify cause and effect relationships, and use graphs and charts to identify patterns in data."},{"title":"C1 Patterns","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students identify similarities and differences in order to sort and classify natural objects and designed products. They identify patterns related to time, including simple rates of change and cycles, and to use these patterns to make predictions."},{"title":"C3 Scale Proportion and Quantity","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand the significance of a phenomenon is dependent on the scale, proportion, and quantity at which it occurs. They recognize patterns observable at one scale may not be observable or exist at other scales, and some systems can only be studied indirectly as they are too small, too large, too fast, or too slow to observe directly. Students use orders of magnitude to understand how a model at one scale relates to a model at another scale. They use algebraic thinking to examine scientific data and predict the effect of a change in one variable on another (e.g., linear growth vs. exponential growth)."},{"title":"C3 Scale Proportion and Quantity","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students observe time, space, and energy phenomena at various scales using models to study systems that are too large or too small. They understand phenomena observed at one scale may not be observable at another scale, and the function of natural and designed systems may change with scale. They use proportional relationships (e.g., speed as the ratio of distance traveled to time taken) to gather information about the magnitude of properties and processes. They represent scientific relationships through the use of algebraic expressions and equations"},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students can investigate or analyze a system by defining its boundaries and initial conditions, as well as its inputs and outputs. They can use models (e.g., physical, mathematical, computer models) to simulate the flow of energy, matter, and interactions within and between systems at different scales. They can also use models and simulations to predict the behavior of a system, and recognize that these predictions have limited precision and reliability due to the assumptions and approximations inherent in the models. They can also design systems to do specific tasks."},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students can understand that systems may interact with other systems; they may have sub-systems and be a part of larger complex systems. They can use models to represent systems and their interactions—such as inputs, processes and outputs—and energy, matter, and information flows within systems. They can also learn that models are limited in that they only represent certain aspects of the system under study."},{"title":"C5 Energy and Matter","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students learn that the total amount of energy and matter in closed systems is conserved. They can describe changes of energy and matter in a system in terms of energy and matter flows into, out of, and within that system. They also learn that energy cannot be created or destroyed. It only moves between one place and another place, between objects and/or fields, or between systems. Energy drives the cycling of matter within and between systems. In nuclear processes, atoms are not conserved, but the total number of protons plus neutrons is conserved."},{"title":"C5 Energy and Matter","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students learn matter is conserved because atoms are conserved in physical and chemical processes. They also learn within a natural or designed system, the transfer of energy drives the motion and/or cycling of matter. Energy may take different forms (e.g. energy in fields, thermal energy, energy of motion). The transfer of energy can be tracked as energy flows through a designed or natural system."},{"title":"C5 Energy and Matter","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students learn matter is made of particles and energy can be transferred in various ways and between objects. Students observe the conservation of matter by tracking matter flows and cycles before and after processes and recognizing the total weight of substances does not change."},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand much of science deals with constructing explanations of how things change and how they remain stable. They quantify and model changes in systems over very short or very long periods of time. They see some changes are irreversible, and negative feedback can stabilize a system, while positive feedback can destabilize it. They recognize systems can be designed for greater or lesser stability"},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand much of science deals with constructing explanations of how things change and how they remain stable. They quantify and model changes in systems over very short or very long periods of time. They see some changes are irreversible, and negative feedback can stabilize a system, while positive feedback can destabilize it. They recognize systems can be designed for greater or lesser stability"},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students explain stability and change in natural or designed systems by examining changes over time, and considering forces at different scales, including the atomic scale. Students learn changes in one part of a system might cause large changes in another part, systems in dynamic equilibrium are stable due to a balance of feedback mechanisms, and stability might be disturbed by either sudden events or gradual changes that accumulate over time"},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students measure change in terms of differences over time, and observe that change may occur at different rates. Students learn some systems appear stable, but over long periods of time they will eventually change."}],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Feedback effects exist within and among Earth’s systems.The geological record shows that changes to global and regional climate can be caused by interactions among changes in the sun’s energy output or Earth’s orbit, tectonic events, ocean circulation, volcanic activity, glaciers, vegetation, and human activities."},{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Energy flows and matter cycles within and among Earth’s systems, including the sun and Earth’s interior as primary energy sources. Plate tectonics is one result of these processes."},{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Four major Earth systems interact. Rainfall helps to shape the land and affects the types of living things found in a region. Water, ice, wind, organisms, and gravity break rocks, soils, and sediments into smaller pieces and move them around"},{"title":"ESS2.B Plate Tectonics & Large Scale Interactions","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Radioactive decay within Earth’s interior contributes to thermal convection in the mantle. Plate tectonics can be viewed as the surface expression of mantle convection."},{"title":"ESS2.B Plate Tectonics & Large Scale Interactions","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Plate tectonics is the unifying theory that explains movements of rocks at Earth’s surface and geological history. Maps are used to display evidence of plate movement."},{"title":"ESS2.B Plate Tectonics & Large Scale Interactions","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Earth’s physical features occur in patterns, as do earthquakes and volcanoes. Maps can be used to locate features and determine patterns in those events."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Natural hazards and other geological events have shaped the course of human history at local, regional, and global scales. Human activities can contribute to the frequency and intensity of some natural hazards."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Mapping the history of natural hazards in a region and understanding related geological forces can help forecast the locations and likelihoods of future events, such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and severe weather."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"A variety of hazards result from natural processes; humans cannot eliminate hazards but can reduce their impacts."},{"title":"PS2.A Forces and Motion","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Newton’s 2nd law (F=ma) and the conservation of momentum can be used to predict changes in the motion of macroscopic objects."},{"title":"PS2.A Forces and Motion","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"The role of the mass of an object must be qualitatively accounted for in any change of motion due to the application of a force."},{"title":"PS2.C Stability & Instability in Physical Systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Systems often change in predictable ways; understanding the forces that drive the transformations and cycles within a system, as well as the forces imposed on the system from the outside, helps predict its behavior under a variety of conditions. When a system has a great number of component pieces, one may not be able to predict much about its precise future. For such systems (e.g., with very many colliding molecules), one can often predict average but not detailed properties and behaviors (e.g., average temperature, motion, and rates of chemical change but not the trajectories or other changes of particular molecules). Systems may evolve in unpredictable ways when the outcome depends sensitively on the starting condition and the starting condition cannot be specified precisely enough to distinguish between different possible outcomes."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Moving objects contain energy. The faster the object moves, the more energy it has. Energy can be moved from place to place by moving objects, or through sound, light, or electrical currents. Energy can be converted from one form to another form."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The total energy within a system is conserved. Energy transfer within and between systems can be described and predicted in terms of energy associated with the motion or configuration of particles (objects)."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Kinetic energy can be distinguished from the various forms of potential energy. Energy changes to and from each type can be tracked through physical or chemical interactions. The relationship between the temperature and the total energy of a system depends on the types, states, and amounts of matter."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Moving objects contain energy. The faster the object moves, the more energy it has. Energy can be moved from place to place by moving objects, or through sound, light, or electrical currents. Energy can be converted from one form to another form."},{"title":"PS4.A Wave Properties","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The wavelength and frequency of a wave are related to one another by the speed of the wave, which depends on the type of wave and the medium through which it is passing. Waves can be used to transmit information and energy."},{"title":"PS4.A Wave Properties","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"A simple wave model has a repeating pattern with a specific wavelength, frequency, and amplitude, and mechanical waves need a medium through which they are transmitted. This model can explain many phenomena including sound and light. Waves can transmit energy"},{"title":"PS4.A Wave Properties","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Waves are regular patterns of motion, which can be made in water by disturbing the surface. Waves of the same type can differ in amplitude and wavelength. Waves can make objects move."}],"sciEngPractices":[]},"gradeRange":[3,12]},{"id":355,"name":"Jupiter (movie)","fullText":"jupiter (movie) astronomy gas giant great red spot jupiter planet space solar system nasa / goddard space flight center (gsfc) nasa / goddard space flight center (gsfc)","dateAdded":"2012-04-01T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"jupiter-movie","url":"/catalog/datasets/jupiter-movie","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/astronomy/jupiter/largest/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/astronomy/jupiter/largest/playlist.sos","isRealtime":0,"startDate":null,"endDate":null,"hasAudio":false,"isNarratedMovie":0,"isSos":1,"isSosx":1,"variations":[],"themes":["Solar System"],"keywords":["Astronomy","Gas Giant","Great Red Spot","Jupiter","Planet","Space"],"categories":{"Space":["Planets and Exoplanets"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[{"title":"C1 Patterns","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students observe patterns in systems at different scales and cite patterns as empirical evidence for causality in supporting their explanations of phenomena. They recognize classifications or explanations used at one scale may not be useful or need revision using a different scale; thus requiring improved investigations and experiments. They use mathematical representations to identify certain patterns and analyze patterns of performance in order to re-engineer and improve a designed system."},{"title":"C1 Patterns","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students recognize that macroscopic patterns are related to the nature of microscopic and atomic-level structure. They identify patterns in rates of change and other numerical relationships that provide information about natural and human designed systems. They use patterns to identify cause and effect relationships, and use graphs and charts to identify patterns in data."},{"title":"C1 Patterns","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students identify similarities and differences in order to sort and classify natural objects and designed products. They identify patterns related to time, including simple rates of change and cycles, and to use these patterns to make predictions."},{"title":"C3 Scale Proportion and Quantity","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students recognize natural objects and observable phenomena exist from the very small to the immensely large. They use standard units to measure and describe physical quantities such as weight, time, temperature, and volume."},{"title":"C3 Scale Proportion and Quantity","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Students use relative scales (e.g., bigger and smaller; hotter and colder; faster and slower) to describe objects. They use standard units to measure length."},{"title":"C5 Energy and Matter","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students learn that the total amount of energy and matter in closed systems is conserved. They can describe changes of energy and matter in a system in terms of energy and matter flows into, out of, and within that system. They also learn that energy cannot be created or destroyed. It only moves between one place and another place, between objects and/or fields, or between systems. Energy drives the cycling of matter within and between systems. In nuclear processes, atoms are not conserved, but the total number of protons plus neutrons is conserved."},{"title":"C5 Energy and Matter","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students learn matter is conserved because atoms are conserved in physical and chemical processes. They also learn within a natural or designed system, the transfer of energy drives the motion and/or cycling of matter. Energy may take different forms (e.g. energy in fields, thermal energy, energy of motion). The transfer of energy can be tracked as energy flows through a designed or natural system."},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand much of science deals with constructing explanations of how things change and how they remain stable. They quantify and model changes in systems over very short or very long periods of time. They see some changes are irreversible, and negative feedback can stabilize a system, while positive feedback can destabilize it. They recognize systems can be designed for greater or lesser stability"},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand much of science deals with constructing explanations of how things change and how they remain stable. They quantify and model changes in systems over very short or very long periods of time. They see some changes are irreversible, and negative feedback can stabilize a system, while positive feedback can destabilize it. They recognize systems can be designed for greater or lesser stability"},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students explain stability and change in natural or designed systems by examining changes over time, and considering forces at different scales, including the atomic scale. Students learn changes in one part of a system might cause large changes in another part, systems in dynamic equilibrium are stable due to a balance of feedback mechanisms, and stability might be disturbed by either sudden events or gradual changes that accumulate over time"},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students measure change in terms of differences over time, and observe that change may occur at different rates. Students learn some systems appear stable, but over long periods of time they will eventually change."},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Students observe some things stay the same while other things change, and things may change slowly or rapidly."}],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[{"title":"ESS1.B Earth and the Solar System","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Patterns of movement of the sun, moon, and stars as seen from Earth can be observed, described, and predicted"},{"title":"ESS1.A The Universe and its Stars","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Stars range greatly in size and distance from Earth and this can explain their relative brightness."},{"title":"ESS1.A The Universe and its Stars","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Patterns of movement of the sun, moon, and stars as seen from Earth can be observed, described, and predicted"},{"title":"ESS1.A The Universe and its Stars","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The sun is just one of more than 200 billion stars in the Milky Way galaxy, and the Milky Way is just one of hundreds of billions of galaxies in the universe. The study of stars’ light spectra and brightness is used to identify compositional elements of stars, their movements, and their distances from Earth."},{"title":"ESS1.A The Universe and its Stars","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"The universe began with a period of extreme and rapid expansion known as the Big Bang. Earth and its solar system are part of the Milky Way galaxy, which is one of many galaxies in the universe."},{"title":"ESS1.B Earth and the Solar System","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Kepler’s laws describe common features of the motions of orbiting objects. Observations from astronomy and space probes provide evidence for explanations of solar system formation. Changes in Earth’s tilt and orbit cause climate changes such as Ice Ages"},{"title":"ESS1.B Earth and the Solar System","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"The solar system contains many varied objects held together by gravity. Solar system models explain and predict eclipses, tides, lunar phases, and seasons."},{"title":"ESS1.B Earth and the Solar System","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"The Earth’s orbit and rotation, and the orbit of the moon around the Earth cause observable patterns."},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The role of radiation from the sun and its interactions with the atmosphere, ocean, and land are the foundation for the global climate system. Global climate models are used to predict future changes, including changes influenced by human behavior and natural factors"},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Complex interactions determine local weather patterns and influence climate, including the role of the ocean."},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Climate describes patterns of typical weather conditions over different scales and variations. Historical weather patterns can be analyzed so that they can make predictions about what kind of weather might happen next."},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Weather is the combination of sunlight, wind, snow or rain, and temperature in a particular region and time. People record weather patterns over time"},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Natural hazards and other geological events have shaped the course of human history at local, regional, and global scales. Human activities can contribute to the frequency and intensity of some natural hazards."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Mapping the history of natural hazards in a region and understanding related geological forces can help forecast the locations and likelihoods of future events, such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and severe weather."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"A variety of hazards result from natural processes; humans cannot eliminate hazards but can reduce their impacts."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"In a region, some kinds of severe weather are more likely than others. Forecasts allow communities to prepare for severe weather."},{"title":"PS1.A Structure of Matter","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The sub-atomic structural model and interactions between electric charges at the atomic scale can be used to explain the structure and interactions of matter, including chemical reactions and nuclear processes. Repeating patterns of the periodic table reflect patterns of outer electrons. A stable molecule has less energy than the same set of atoms separated; one must provide at least this energy to take the molecule apart"},{"title":"PS1.A Structure of Matter","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"The fact that matter is composed of atoms and molecules can be used to explain the properties of substances, diversity of materials, states of matter, phase changes, and conservation of matter."},{"title":"PS1.A Structure of Matter","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Because matter exists as particles that are too small to see, matter is always conserved even if it seems to disappear. Measurements of a variety of observable properties can be used to identify particular materials."},{"title":"PS2.A Forces and Motion","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Newton’s 2nd law (F=ma) and the conservation of momentum can be used to predict changes in the motion of macroscopic objects."},{"title":"PS2.A Forces and Motion","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"The role of the mass of an object must be qualitatively accounted for in any change of motion due to the application of a force."},{"title":"PS2.A Forces and Motion","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"The effect of unbalanced forces on an object results in a change of motion. Patterns of motion can be used to predict future motion. Some forces act through contact, some forces act even when the objects are not in contact. 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They design simple tests to gather evidence to support or refute their own ideas about causes."},{"title":"C3 Scale Proportion and Quantity","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students observe time, space, and energy phenomena at various scales using models to study systems that are too large or too small. They understand phenomena observed at one scale may not be observable at another scale, and the function of natural and designed systems may change with scale. They use proportional relationships (e.g., speed as the ratio of distance traveled to time taken) to gather information about the magnitude of properties and processes. They represent scientific relationships through the use of algebraic expressions and equations"},{"title":"C3 Scale Proportion and Quantity","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students recognize natural objects and observable phenomena exist from the very small to the immensely large. They use standard units to measure and describe physical quantities such as weight, time, temperature, and volume."},{"title":"C3 Scale Proportion and Quantity","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Students use relative scales (e.g., bigger and smaller; hotter and colder; faster and slower) to describe objects. They use standard units to measure length."},{"title":"C5 Energy and Matter","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students learn that the total amount of energy and matter in closed systems is conserved. They can describe changes of energy and matter in a system in terms of energy and matter flows into, out of, and within that system. They also learn that energy cannot be created or destroyed. It only moves between one place and another place, between objects and/or fields, or between systems. Energy drives the cycling of matter within and between systems. In nuclear processes, atoms are not conserved, but the total number of protons plus neutrons is conserved."},{"title":"C5 Energy and Matter","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students learn matter is conserved because atoms are conserved in physical and chemical processes. They also learn within a natural or designed system, the transfer of energy drives the motion and/or cycling of matter. Energy may take different forms (e.g. energy in fields, thermal energy, energy of motion). The transfer of energy can be tracked as energy flows through a designed or natural system."},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand much of science deals with constructing explanations of how things change and how they remain stable. They quantify and model changes in systems over very short or very long periods of time. They see some changes are irreversible, and negative feedback can stabilize a system, while positive feedback can destabilize it. They recognize systems can be designed for greater or lesser stability"},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand much of science deals with constructing explanations of how things change and how they remain stable. They quantify and model changes in systems over very short or very long periods of time. They see some changes are irreversible, and negative feedback can stabilize a system, while positive feedback can destabilize it. They recognize systems can be designed for greater or lesser stability"},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students explain stability and change in natural or designed systems by examining changes over time, and considering forces at different scales, including the atomic scale. 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Historical weather patterns can be analyzed so that they can make predictions about what kind of weather might happen next."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Natural hazards and other geological events have shaped the course of human history at local, regional, and global scales. Human activities can contribute to the frequency and intensity of some natural hazards."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Mapping the history of natural hazards in a region and understanding related geological forces can help forecast the locations and likelihoods of future events, such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and severe weather."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"A variety of hazards result from natural processes; humans cannot eliminate hazards but can reduce their impacts."},{"title":"PS1.A Structure of Matter","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The sub-atomic structural model and interactions between electric charges at the atomic scale can be used to explain the structure and interactions of matter, including chemical reactions and nuclear processes. Repeating patterns of the periodic table reflect patterns of outer electrons. A stable molecule has less energy than the same set of atoms separated; one must provide at least this energy to take the molecule apart"},{"title":"PS1.A Structure of Matter","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"The fact that matter is composed of atoms and molecules can be used to explain the properties of substances, diversity of materials, states of matter, phase changes, and conservation of matter."},{"title":"PS1.A Structure of Matter","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Because matter exists as particles that are too small to see, matter is always conserved even if it seems to disappear. Measurements of a variety of observable properties can be used to identify particular materials."},{"title":"PS2.A Forces and Motion","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Newton’s 2nd law (F=ma) and the conservation of momentum can be used to predict changes in the motion of macroscopic objects."},{"title":"PS2.A Forces and Motion","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"The role of the mass of an object must be qualitatively accounted for in any change of motion due to the application of a force."},{"title":"PS2.A Forces and Motion","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"The effect of unbalanced forces on an object results in a change of motion. Patterns of motion can be used to predict future motion. Some forces act through contact, some forces act even when the objects are not in contact. 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Energy can be converted from one form to another form."},{"title":"PS3.C Relationship between energy and forces","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Fields contain energy that depends on the arrangement of the objects in the field."},{"title":"PS3.C Relationship between energy and forces","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Fields contain energy that depends on the arrangement of the objects in the field."},{"title":"PS3.C Relationship between energy and forces","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"When two objects interact, each one exerts a force on the other, and these forces can transfer energy between them."},{"title":"PS4.C Information Technologies and Instrumentation","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Large amounts of information can be stored and shipped around as a result of being digitized."},{"title":"PS4.C Information Technologies and Instrumentation","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Waves can be used to transmit digital information. 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The study of stars’ light spectra and brightness is used to identify compositional elements of stars, their movements, and their distances from Earth."},{"title":"ESS1.A The Universe and its Stars","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"The universe began with a period of extreme and rapid expansion known as the Big Bang. Earth and its solar system are part of the Milky Way galaxy, which is one of many galaxies in the universe."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Sustainability of human societies and the biodiversity that supports them requires responsible management of natural resources, including the development of technologies that produce less pollution and waste and that preclude ecosystem degradation."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Human activities have altered the biosphere, sometimes damaging it, although changes to environments can have different impacts for different living things. Activities and technologies can be engineered to reduce people’s impacts on Earth."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Societal activities have had major effects on the land, ocean, atmosphere, and even outer space. Societal activities can also help protect Earth’s resources and environments."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Moving objects contain energy. The faster the object moves, the more energy it has. Energy can be moved from place to place by moving objects, or through sound, light, or electrical currents. Energy can be converted from one form to another form."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The total energy within a system is conserved. Energy transfer within and between systems can be described and predicted in terms of energy associated with the motion or configuration of particles (objects)."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Kinetic energy can be distinguished from the various forms of potential energy. Energy changes to and from each type can be tracked through physical or chemical interactions. The relationship between the temperature and the total energy of a system depends on the types, states, and amounts of matter."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Moving objects contain energy. The faster the object moves, the more energy it has. Energy can be moved from place to place by moving objects, or through sound, light, or electrical currents. Energy can be converted from one form to another form."},{"title":"PS4.A Wave Properties","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The wavelength and frequency of a wave are related to one another by the speed of the wave, which depends on the type of wave and the medium through which it is passing. Waves can be used to transmit information and energy."},{"title":"PS4.A Wave Properties","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"A simple wave model has a repeating pattern with a specific wavelength, frequency, and amplitude, and mechanical waves need a medium through which they are transmitted. This model can explain many phenomena including sound and light. Waves can transmit energy"},{"title":"PS4.B Electromagnetic Radiation","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Both an electromagnetic wave model and a photon model explain features of electromagnetic radiation broadly and describe common applications of electromagnetic radiation."},{"title":"PS4.B Electromagnetic Radiation","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Object can be seen when light reflected from their surface enters our eyes"}],"sciEngPractices":[]},"gradeRange":[3,12]},{"id":366,"name":"Lightning Detection - Jun 2011 - Aug 2012","fullText":"lightning detection - jun 2011 - aug 2012 atmosphere lightning severe weather thunderstorms weather vaisala vaisala gld360 vaisala gld360","dateAdded":"2012-11-01T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"lightning-detection-jun-2011-aug-2012","url":"/catalog/datasets/lightning-detection-jun-2011-aug-2012","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/atmosphere/ltg_vaisala/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/atmosphere/ltg_vaisala/playlist.sos","isRealtime":0,"startDate":"2011-06-01T00:00:00.000Z","endDate":"2012-08-31T00:00:00.000Z","hasAudio":false,"isNarratedMovie":0,"isSos":1,"isSosx":1,"variations":[],"themes":[],"keywords":["Atmosphere","Lightning","Severe Weather","Thunderstorms","Weather"],"categories":{"Air":["Weather"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[{"title":"C1 Patterns","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students observe patterns in systems at different scales and cite patterns as empirical evidence for causality in supporting their explanations of phenomena. They recognize classifications or explanations used at one scale may not be useful or need revision using a different scale; thus requiring improved investigations and experiments. They use mathematical representations to identify certain patterns and analyze patterns of performance in order to re-engineer and improve a designed system."},{"title":"C1 Patterns","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students recognize that macroscopic patterns are related to the nature of microscopic and atomic-level structure. They identify patterns in rates of change and other numerical relationships that provide information about natural and human designed systems. They use patterns to identify cause and effect relationships, and use graphs and charts to identify patterns in data."},{"title":"C1 Patterns","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students identify similarities and differences in order to sort and classify natural objects and designed products. 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They use algebraic thinking to examine scientific data and predict the effect of a change in one variable on another (e.g., linear growth vs. exponential growth)."},{"title":"C3 Scale Proportion and Quantity","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students observe time, space, and energy phenomena at various scales using models to study systems that are too large or too small. They understand phenomena observed at one scale may not be observable at another scale, and the function of natural and designed systems may change with scale. They use proportional relationships (e.g., speed as the ratio of distance traveled to time taken) to gather information about the magnitude of properties and processes. They represent scientific relationships through the use of algebraic expressions and equations"},{"title":"C3 Scale Proportion and Quantity","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students recognize natural objects and observable phenomena exist from the very small to the immensely large. They use standard units to measure and describe physical quantities such as weight, time, temperature, and volume."},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students understand that a system is a group of related parts that make up a whole and can carry out functions its individual parts cannot. They can also describe a system in terms of its components and their interactions."},{"title":"C5 Energy and Matter","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students learn that the total amount of energy and matter in closed systems is conserved. They can describe changes of energy and matter in a system in terms of energy and matter flows into, out of, and within that system. They also learn that energy cannot be created or destroyed. It only moves between one place and another place, between objects and/or fields, or between systems. Energy drives the cycling of matter within and between systems. In nuclear processes, atoms are not conserved, but the total number of protons plus neutrons is conserved."},{"title":"C5 Energy and Matter","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students learn matter is conserved because atoms are conserved in physical and chemical processes. They also learn within a natural or designed system, the transfer of energy drives the motion and/or cycling of matter. Energy may take different forms (e.g. energy in fields, thermal energy, energy of motion). The transfer of energy can be tracked as energy flows through a designed or natural system."}],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Feedback effects exist within and among Earth’s systems.The geological record shows that changes to global and regional climate can be caused by interactions among changes in the sun’s energy output or Earth’s orbit, tectonic events, ocean circulation, volcanic activity, glaciers, vegetation, and human activities."},{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Energy flows and matter cycles within and among Earth’s systems, including the sun and Earth’s interior as primary energy sources. Plate tectonics is one result of these processes."},{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Four major Earth systems interact. Rainfall helps to shape the land and affects the types of living things found in a region. Water, ice, wind, organisms, and gravity break rocks, soils, and sediments into smaller pieces and move them around"},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The role of radiation from the sun and its interactions with the atmosphere, ocean, and land are the foundation for the global climate system. Global climate models are used to predict future changes, including changes influenced by human behavior and natural factors"},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Complex interactions determine local weather patterns and influence climate, including the role of the ocean."},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Climate describes patterns of typical weather conditions over different scales and variations. Historical weather patterns can be analyzed so that they can make predictions about what kind of weather might happen next."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Natural hazards and other geological events have shaped the course of human history at local, regional, and global scales. Human activities can contribute to the frequency and intensity of some natural hazards."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Mapping the history of natural hazards in a region and understanding related geological forces can help forecast the locations and likelihoods of future events, such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and severe weather."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"A variety of hazards result from natural processes; humans cannot eliminate hazards but can reduce their impacts."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Moving objects contain energy. The faster the object moves, the more energy it has. Energy can be moved from place to place by moving objects, or through sound, light, or electrical currents. Energy can be converted from one form to another form."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The total energy within a system is conserved. Energy transfer within and between systems can be described and predicted in terms of energy associated with the motion or configuration of particles (objects)."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Kinetic energy can be distinguished from the various forms of potential energy. Energy changes to and from each type can be tracked through physical or chemical interactions. The relationship between the temperature and the total energy of a system depends on the types, states, and amounts of matter."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Moving objects contain energy. The faster the object moves, the more energy it has. Energy can be moved from place to place by moving objects, or through sound, light, or electrical currents. Energy can be converted from one form to another form."},{"title":"PS4.A Wave Properties","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The wavelength and frequency of a wave are related to one another by the speed of the wave, which depends on the type of wave and the medium through which it is passing. Waves can be used to transmit information and energy."},{"title":"PS4.A Wave Properties","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"A simple wave model has a repeating pattern with a specific wavelength, frequency, and amplitude, and mechanical waves need a medium through which they are transmitted. This model can explain many phenomena including sound and light. Waves can transmit energy"},{"title":"PS4.B Electromagnetic Radiation","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Both an electromagnetic wave model and a photon model explain features of electromagnetic radiation broadly and describe common applications of electromagnetic radiation."}],"sciEngPractices":[]},"gradeRange":[3,12]},{"id":6,"name":"Lightning Flash Rate","fullText":"lightning flash rate atmosphere lightning satellites severe weather thunderstorms weather nasa lis/otd science team nasa / marshall space flight center (msfc)","dateAdded":"2010-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"lightning-flash-rate","url":"/catalog/datasets/lightning-flash-rate","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/atmosphere/lightning/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/atmosphere/lightning/playlist.sos","isRealtime":0,"startDate":null,"endDate":null,"hasAudio":false,"isNarratedMovie":0,"isSos":1,"isSosx":1,"variations":[],"themes":[],"keywords":["Atmosphere","Lightning","Satellites","Severe Weather","Thunderstorms","Weather"],"categories":{"Air":["Weather"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[],"sciEngPractices":[]}},{"id":181,"name":"Loggerhead Sea Turtle Tracks","fullText":"loggerhead sea turtle tracks loggerhead seaturtle migration oceans satellite tagging tracking turtles wildlife animals donald r. kobayashi noaa / national marine fisheries service (nmfs) / pacific islands fisheries science center (pifsc) donald r. kobayashi noaa / national marine fisheries service (nmfs) / pacific islands fisheries science center (pifsc) mike biere noaa / global systems division (gsd)","dateAdded":"2010-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"loggerhead-sea-turtle-tracks","url":"/catalog/datasets/loggerhead-sea-turtle-tracks","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/oceans/LoggerheadSeaTurtleTracks/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/oceans/LoggerheadSeaTurtleTracks/playlist.sos","isRealtime":0,"startDate":null,"endDate":null,"hasAudio":false,"isNarratedMovie":0,"isSos":1,"isSosx":1,"variations":[],"themes":["Animals"],"keywords":["Loggerhead Seaturtle","Migration","Oceans","Satellite Tagging","Tracking","Turtles","Wildlife"],"categories":{"Water":["Life"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[{"title":"C1 Patterns","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Children recognize that patterns in the natural and human designed world can be observed, used to describe phenomena, and used as evidence"},{"title":"C1 Patterns","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students recognize that macroscopic patterns are related to the nature of microscopic and atomic-level structure. They identify patterns in rates of change and other numerical relationships that provide information about natural and human designed systems. They use patterns to identify cause and effect relationships, and use graphs and charts to identify patterns in data."},{"title":"C1 Patterns","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students identify similarities and differences in order to sort and classify natural objects and designed products. They identify patterns related to time, including simple rates of change and cycles, and to use these patterns to make predictions."},{"title":"C1 Patterns","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Children recognize that patterns in the natural and human designed world can be observed, used to describe phenomena, and used as evidence"},{"title":"C2 Cause and Effect","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand that empirical evidence is required to differentiate between cause and correlation and to make claims about specific causes and effects. They suggest cause and effect relationships to explain and predict behaviors in complex natural and designed systems. They also propose causal relationships by examining what is known about smaller scale mechanisms within the system. They recognize changes in systems may have various causes that may not have equal effects."},{"title":"C2 Cause and Effect","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students classify relationships as causal or correlational, and recognize that correlation does not necessarily imply causation. They use cause and effect relationships to predict phenomena in natural or designed systems. They also understand that phenomena may have more than one cause, and some cause and effect relationships in systems can only be described using probability."},{"title":"C2 Cause and Effect","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students routinely identify and test causal relationships and use these relationships to explain change. They understand events that occur together with regularity might or might not signify a cause and effect relationship"},{"title":"C2 Cause and Effect","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Students learn that events have causes that generate observable patterns. They design simple tests to gather evidence to support or refute their own ideas about causes."},{"title":"C3 Scale Proportion and Quantity","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand the significance of a phenomenon is dependent on the scale, proportion, and quantity at which it occurs. They recognize patterns observable at one scale may not be observable or exist at other scales, and some systems can only be studied indirectly as they are too small, too large, too fast, or too slow to observe directly. Students use orders of magnitude to understand how a model at one scale relates to a model at another scale. They use algebraic thinking to examine scientific data and predict the effect of a change in one variable on another (e.g., linear growth vs. exponential growth)."},{"title":"C3 Scale Proportion and Quantity","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students recognize natural objects and observable phenomena exist from the very small to the immensely large. They use standard units to measure and describe physical quantities such as weight, time, temperature, and volume."},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students can understand that systems may interact with other systems; they may have sub-systems and be a part of larger complex systems. They can use models to represent systems and their interactions—such as inputs, processes and outputs—and energy, matter, and information flows within systems. They can also learn that models are limited in that they only represent certain aspects of the system under study."}],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[{"title":"ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth's Processes","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Water is found in many types of places and in different forms on Earth"},{"title":"ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth's Processes","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Water cycles among land, ocean, and atmosphere, and is propelled by sunlight and gravity. Density variations of sea water drive interconnected ocean currents. Water movement causes weathering and erosion, changing landscape features."},{"title":"ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth's Processes","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The planet’s dynamics are greatly influenced by water’s unique chemical and physical properties."},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The role of radiation from the sun and its interactions with the atmosphere, ocean, and land are the foundation for the global climate system. Global climate models are used to predict future changes, including changes influenced by human behavior and natural factors"},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Complex interactions determine local weather patterns and influence climate, including the role of the ocean."},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Climate describes patterns of typical weather conditions over different scales and variations. Historical weather patterns can be analyzed so that they can make predictions about what kind of weather might happen next."},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Weather is the combination of sunlight, wind, snow or rain, and temperature in a particular region and time. People record weather patterns over time"},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Sustainability of human societies and the biodiversity that supports them requires responsible management of natural resources, including the development of technologies that produce less pollution and waste and that preclude ecosystem degradation."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Human activities have altered the biosphere, sometimes damaging it, although changes to environments can have different impacts for different living things. Activities and technologies can be engineered to reduce people’s impacts on Earth."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Global climate models used to predict changes continue to be improved, although discoveries about the global climate system are ongoing and continually needed."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Human activities affect global warming. Decisions to reduce the impact of global warming depend on understanding climate science, engineering capabilities, and social dynamics."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"If Earth’s global mean temperature continues to rise, the lives of humans and other organisms will be affected in many different ways."},{"title":"LS1.C Organization for Energy Flow and Matter in Organisms","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Food provides animals with the materials and energy they need for body repair, growth, warmth, and motion. Plants acquire material for growth chiefly from air, water, and process matter and obtain energy from sunlight, which is used to maintain conditions necessary for survival."},{"title":"LS1.C Organization for Energy Flow and Matter in Organisms","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Animals obtain food they need from plants or other animals. Plants need water and light."},{"title":"LS2.B Cycles of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Matter cycles between the air and soil and among organisms as they live and die."},{"title":"LS2.B Cycles of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Organisms obtain the materials they need to grow and survive from the environment. Many of these materials come from organisms and are used again by other organisms"},{"title":"LS2.C Ecosystem Dynamics, Functioning and Resilience","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"If a biological or physical disturbance to an ecosystem occurs, including one induced by human activity, the ecosystem may return to its more or less original state or become a very different ecosystem, depending on the complex set of interactions within the ecosystem"},{"title":"LS2.C Ecosystem Dynamics, Functioning and Resilience","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Ecosystem characteristics vary over time. Disruptions to any part of an ecosystem can lead to shifts in all of its populations. The completeness or integrity of an ecosystem’s biodiversity is often used as a measure of its health."},{"title":"LS2.D Social interactions and Group Behaviour","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Being part of a group helps animals obtain food, defend themselves, and cope with changes."},{"title":"LS2.D Social interactions and Group Behaviour","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Group behavior has evolved because membership can increase the chances of survival for individuals and their genetic relatives."},{"title":"LS4.D Biodiversity & Humans","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Populations of organisms live in a variety of habitats. Change in those habitats affects the organisms living there"},{"title":"LS4.D Biodiversity & Humans","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Changes in biodiversity can influence humans’ resources and ecosystem services they rely on."},{"title":"LS4.D Biodiversity & Humans","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Biodiversity is increased by formation of new species and reduced by extinction. Humans depend on biodiversity but also have adverse impacts on it. Sustaining biodiversity is essential to supporting life on Earth"}],"sciEngPractices":[]},"gradeRange":[0,12]},{"id":316,"name":"Loop","fullText":"loop equilibrium extras feedback loop ocean currents thermohaline circulation water water cycle nasa / goddard space flight center (gsfc) nasa / goddard space flight center (gsfc)","dateAdded":"2011-10-01T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"loop","url":"/catalog/datasets/loop","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/extras/loop/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/extras/loop/playlist.sos","isRealtime":0,"startDate":null,"endDate":null,"hasAudio":1,"isNarratedMovie":1,"isSos":1,"isSosx":0,"variations":[],"themes":[],"keywords":["Equilibrium","Extras","Feedback Loop","Ocean Currents","Thermohaline Circulation","Water","Water Cycle"],"categories":{"Water":["Ocean Currents and Circulation"],"Air":["Weather"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[],"sciEngPractices":[]}},{"id":664,"name":"Madden-Julian Oscillation - Winter Impacts","fullText":"madden-julian oscillation - winter impacts indian monsoon indian ocean oceans weather noaa / national climatic data center (ncdc) australian bureau of meterology b. jason west department of atmospheric and oceanic sciences, university of colorado boulder","dateAdded":"2017-05-22T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"madden-julian-oscillation-winter-impacts","url":"/catalog/datasets/madden-julian-oscillation-winter-impacts","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/oceans/mjo/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/oceans/mjo/playlist.sos","isRealtime":0,"startDate":null,"endDate":null,"hasAudio":false,"isNarratedMovie":0,"isSos":1,"isSosx":0,"variations":[],"themes":[],"keywords":["Indian Monsoon","Indian Ocean","Oceans","Weather"],"categories":{"Water":["Floods"],"Land":["Water"],"Air":["Weather"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[],"sciEngPractices":[]}},{"id":434,"name":"Malaria Plasmodium Falciparium","fullText":"malaria plasmodium falciparium disease health malaria mosquito vector borne climate change malaria atlas project (map) beth russell noaa office of education, cooperative institute for research in environmental sciences (cires)","dateAdded":"2013-11-15T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"malaria-plasmodium-falciparium","url":"/catalog/datasets/malaria-plasmodium-falciparium","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/extras/malaria/falciparum/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/extras/malaria/falciparum/playlist.sos","isRealtime":0,"startDate":null,"endDate":null,"hasAudio":false,"isNarratedMovie":0,"isSos":1,"isSosx":1,"variations":[],"themes":["Climate Change"],"keywords":["Disease","Health","Malaria","Mosquito","Vector Borne"],"categories":{"People":["Health"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[{"title":"C1 Patterns","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students observe patterns in systems at different scales and cite patterns as empirical evidence for causality in supporting their explanations of phenomena. They recognize classifications or explanations used at one scale may not be useful or need revision using a different scale; thus requiring improved investigations and experiments. They use mathematical representations to identify certain patterns and analyze patterns of performance in order to re-engineer and improve a designed system."},{"title":"C1 Patterns","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students recognize that macroscopic patterns are related to the nature of microscopic and atomic-level structure. They identify patterns in rates of change and other numerical relationships that provide information about natural and human designed systems. They use patterns to identify cause and effect relationships, and use graphs and charts to identify patterns in data."},{"title":"C2 Cause and Effect","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand that empirical evidence is required to differentiate between cause and correlation and to make claims about specific causes and effects. They suggest cause and effect relationships to explain and predict behaviors in complex natural and designed systems. They also propose causal relationships by examining what is known about smaller scale mechanisms within the system. They recognize changes in systems may have various causes that may not have equal effects."},{"title":"C2 Cause and Effect","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students classify relationships as causal or correlational, and recognize that correlation does not necessarily imply causation. They use cause and effect relationships to predict phenomena in natural or designed systems. They also understand that phenomena may have more than one cause, and some cause and effect relationships in systems can only be described using probability."},{"title":"C3 Scale Proportion and Quantity","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand the significance of a phenomenon is dependent on the scale, proportion, and quantity at which it occurs. They recognize patterns observable at one scale may not be observable or exist at other scales, and some systems can only be studied indirectly as they are too small, too large, too fast, or too slow to observe directly. Students use orders of magnitude to understand how a model at one scale relates to a model at another scale. They use algebraic thinking to examine scientific data and predict the effect of a change in one variable on another (e.g., linear growth vs. exponential growth)."},{"title":"C3 Scale Proportion and Quantity","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students observe time, space, and energy phenomena at various scales using models to study systems that are too large or too small. They understand phenomena observed at one scale may not be observable at another scale, and the function of natural and designed systems may change with scale. They use proportional relationships (e.g., speed as the ratio of distance traveled to time taken) to gather information about the magnitude of properties and processes. They represent scientific relationships through the use of algebraic expressions and equations"},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students can investigate or analyze a system by defining its boundaries and initial conditions, as well as its inputs and outputs. They can use models (e.g., physical, mathematical, computer models) to simulate the flow of energy, matter, and interactions within and between systems at different scales. They can also use models and simulations to predict the behavior of a system, and recognize that these predictions have limited precision and reliability due to the assumptions and approximations inherent in the models. They can also design systems to do specific tasks."},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students can understand that systems may interact with other systems; they may have sub-systems and be a part of larger complex systems. They can use models to represent systems and their interactions—such as inputs, processes and outputs—and energy, matter, and information flows within systems. They can also learn that models are limited in that they only represent certain aspects of the system under study."},{"title":"C6 Structures and Functions","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students model complex and microscopic structures and systems and visualize how their function depends on the shapes, composition, and relationships among its parts. They analyze many complex natural and designed structures and systems to determine how they function. They design structures to serve particular functions by taking into account properties of different materials, and how materials can be shaped and used."},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students explain stability and change in natural or designed systems by examining changes over time, and considering forces at different scales, including the atomic scale. Students learn changes in one part of a system might cause large changes in another part, systems in dynamic equilibrium are stable due to a balance of feedback mechanisms, and stability might be disturbed by either sudden events or gradual changes that accumulate over time"}],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Natural hazards and other geological events have shaped the course of human history at local, regional, and global scales. Human activities can contribute to the frequency and intensity of some natural hazards."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Mapping the history of natural hazards in a region and understanding related geological forces can help forecast the locations and likelihoods of future events, such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and severe weather."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Sustainability of human societies and the biodiversity that supports them requires responsible management of natural resources, including the development of technologies that produce less pollution and waste and that preclude ecosystem degradation."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Human activities have altered the biosphere, sometimes damaging it, although changes to environments can have different impacts for different living things. 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They identify patterns related to time, including simple rates of change and cycles, and to use these patterns to make predictions."},{"title":"C6 Structures and Functions","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students learn different materials have different substructures, which can sometimes be observed; and substructures have shapes and parts that serve functions."},{"title":"C6 Structures and Functions","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students model complex and microscopic structures and systems and visualize how their function depends on the shapes, composition, and relationships among its parts. They analyze many complex natural and designed structures and systems to determine how they function. They design structures to serve particular functions by taking into account properties of different materials, and how materials can be shaped and used."},{"title":"C6 Structures and Functions","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students investigate systems by examining the properties of different materials, the structures of different components, and their interconnections to reveal the system’s function and/or solve a problem. They infer the functions and properties of natural and designed objects and systems from their overall structure, the way their components are shaped and used, and the molecular substructures of their various materials."}],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[{"title":"ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth's Processes","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Water is found in many types of places and in different forms on Earth"},{"title":"LS1.A Structure and Function","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"All organisms have external parts that they use to perform daily functions."},{"title":"LS1.B Growth and Development of Organisms","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Parents and offspring often engage in behaviors that help the offspring survive."},{"title":"ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth's Processes","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Most of Earth’s water is in the ocean and much of the Earth’s fresh water is in glaciers or underground."},{"title":"LS1.A Structure and Function","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Organisms have both internal and external macroscopic structures that allow for growth, survival, behavior, and reproduction."},{"title":"LS1.B Growth and Development of Organisms","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Reproduction is essential to every kind of organism. 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Human activities can contribute to the frequency and intensity of some natural hazards."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Mapping the history of natural hazards in a region and understanding related geological forces can help forecast the locations and likelihoods of future events, such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and severe weather."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"A variety of hazards result from natural processes; humans cannot eliminate hazards but can reduce their impacts."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"In a region, some kinds of severe weather are more likely than others. 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Solar system models explain and predict eclipses, tides, lunar phases, and seasons."},{"title":"ESS1.B Earth and the Solar System","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"The Earth’s orbit and rotation, and the orbit of the moon around the Earth cause observable patterns."},{"title":"ESS1.C The History of Planet Earth","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The rock record resulting from tectonic and other geoscience processes as well as objects from the solar system can provide evidence of Earth’s early history and the relative ages of major geologic formations."},{"title":"ESS1.C The History of Planet Earth","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Rock strata and the fossil record can be used as evidence to organize the relative occurrence of major historical events in Earth’s history."},{"title":"ESS1.C The History of Planet Earth","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Certain features on Earth can be used to order events that have occurred in a landscape."},{"title":"ESS1.C The History of Planet Earth","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Some events on Earth occur very quickly; others can occur very slowly."},{"title":"ESS2.B Plate Tectonics & Large Scale Interactions","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Earth’s physical features occur in patterns, as do earthquakes and volcanoes. 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They can use models to represent systems and their interactions—such as inputs, processes and outputs—and energy, matter, and information flows within systems. They can also learn that models are limited in that they only represent certain aspects of the system under study."},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students understand that a system is a group of related parts that make up a whole and can carry out functions its individual parts cannot. They can also describe a system in terms of its components and their interactions."},{"title":"C5 Energy and Matter","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students learn that the total amount of energy and matter in closed systems is conserved. They can describe changes of energy and matter in a system in terms of energy and matter flows into, out of, and within that system. They also learn that energy cannot be created or destroyed. 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They identify patterns related to time, including simple rates of change and cycles, and to use these patterns to make predictions."},{"title":"C3 Scale Proportion and Quantity","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand the significance of a phenomenon is dependent on the scale, proportion, and quantity at which it occurs. They recognize patterns observable at one scale may not be observable or exist at other scales, and some systems can only be studied indirectly as they are too small, too large, too fast, or too slow to observe directly. Students use orders of magnitude to understand how a model at one scale relates to a model at another scale. They use algebraic thinking to examine scientific data and predict the effect of a change in one variable on another (e.g., linear growth vs. exponential growth)."},{"title":"C3 Scale Proportion and Quantity","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students observe time, space, and energy phenomena at various scales using models to study systems that are too large or too small. They understand phenomena observed at one scale may not be observable at another scale, and the function of natural and designed systems may change with scale. They use proportional relationships (e.g., speed as the ratio of distance traveled to time taken) to gather information about the magnitude of properties and processes. They represent scientific relationships through the use of algebraic expressions and equations"},{"title":"C3 Scale Proportion and Quantity","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students recognize natural objects and observable phenomena exist from the very small to the immensely large. They use standard units to measure and describe physical quantities such as weight, time, temperature, and volume."},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students can investigate or analyze a system by defining its boundaries and initial conditions, as well as its inputs and outputs. They can use models (e.g., physical, mathematical, computer models) to simulate the flow of energy, matter, and interactions within and between systems at different scales. They can also use models and simulations to predict the behavior of a system, and recognize that these predictions have limited precision and reliability due to the assumptions and approximations inherent in the models. They can also design systems to do specific tasks."},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students can understand that systems may interact with other systems; they may have sub-systems and be a part of larger complex systems. They can use models to represent systems and their interactions—such as inputs, processes and outputs—and energy, matter, and information flows within systems. They can also learn that models are limited in that they only represent certain aspects of the system under study."},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Students understand objects and organisms can be described in terms of their parts; and systems in the natural and designed world have parts that work together."},{"title":"C5 Energy and Matter","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students learn that the total amount of energy and matter in closed systems is conserved. They can describe changes of energy and matter in a system in terms of energy and matter flows into, out of, and within that system. They also learn that energy cannot be created or destroyed. It only moves between one place and another place, between objects and/or fields, or between systems. Energy drives the cycling of matter within and between systems. In nuclear processes, atoms are not conserved, but the total number of protons plus neutrons is conserved."},{"title":"C5 Energy and Matter","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students learn matter is conserved because atoms are conserved in physical and chemical processes. They also learn within a natural or designed system, the transfer of energy drives the motion and/or cycling of matter. Energy may take different forms (e.g. energy in fields, thermal energy, energy of motion). The transfer of energy can be tracked as energy flows through a designed or natural system."},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand much of science deals with constructing explanations of how things change and how they remain stable. They quantify and model changes in systems over very short or very long periods of time. They see some changes are irreversible, and negative feedback can stabilize a system, while positive feedback can destabilize it. They recognize systems can be designed for greater or lesser stability"},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand much of science deals with constructing explanations of how things change and how they remain stable. They quantify and model changes in systems over very short or very long periods of time. They see some changes are irreversible, and negative feedback can stabilize a system, while positive feedback can destabilize it. They recognize systems can be designed for greater or lesser stability"},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students explain stability and change in natural or designed systems by examining changes over time, and considering forces at different scales, including the atomic scale. Students learn changes in one part of a system might cause large changes in another part, systems in dynamic equilibrium are stable due to a balance of feedback mechanisms, and stability might be disturbed by either sudden events or gradual changes that accumulate over time"},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students measure change in terms of differences over time, and observe that change may occur at different rates. Students learn some systems appear stable, but over long periods of time they will eventually change."},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Students observe some things stay the same while other things change, and things may change slowly or rapidly."}],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[{"title":"ESS1.A The Universe and its Stars","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Stars range greatly in size and distance from Earth and this can explain their relative brightness."},{"title":"ESS1.A The Universe and its Stars","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Patterns of movement of the sun, moon, and stars as seen from Earth can be observed, described, and predicted"},{"title":"ESS1.A The Universe and its Stars","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The sun is just one of more than 200 billion stars in the Milky Way galaxy, and the Milky Way is just one of hundreds of billions of galaxies in the universe. The study of stars’ light spectra and brightness is used to identify compositional elements of stars, their movements, and their distances from Earth."},{"title":"ESS1.A The Universe and its Stars","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"The universe began with a period of extreme and rapid expansion known as the Big Bang. Earth and its solar system are part of the Milky Way galaxy, which is one of many galaxies in the universe."},{"title":"ESS1.B Earth and the Solar System","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Patterns of movement of the sun, moon, and stars as seen from Earth can be observed, described, and predicted"},{"title":"ESS1.B Earth and the Solar System","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Kepler’s laws describe common features of the motions of orbiting objects. Observations from astronomy and space probes provide evidence for explanations of solar system formation. Changes in Earth’s tilt and orbit cause climate changes such as Ice Ages"},{"title":"ESS1.B Earth and the Solar System","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"The solar system contains many varied objects held together by gravity. Solar system models explain and predict eclipses, tides, lunar phases, and seasons."},{"title":"ESS1.B Earth and the Solar System","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"The Earth’s orbit and rotation, and the orbit of the moon around the Earth cause observable patterns."},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The role of radiation from the sun and its interactions with the atmosphere, ocean, and land are the foundation for the global climate system. Global climate models are used to predict future changes, including changes influenced by human behavior and natural factors"},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Complex interactions determine local weather patterns and influence climate, including the role of the ocean."},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Climate describes patterns of typical weather conditions over different scales and variations. Historical weather patterns can be analyzed so that they can make predictions about what kind of weather might happen next."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Natural hazards and other geological events have shaped the course of human history at local, regional, and global scales. Human activities can contribute to the frequency and intensity of some natural hazards."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Mapping the history of natural hazards in a region and understanding related geological forces can help forecast the locations and likelihoods of future events, such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and severe weather."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"A variety of hazards result from natural processes; humans cannot eliminate hazards but can reduce their impacts."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"In a region, some kinds of severe weather are more likely than others. Forecasts allow communities to prepare for severe weather."},{"title":"PS2.A Forces and Motion","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Newton’s 2nd law (F=ma) and the conservation of momentum can be used to predict changes in the motion of macroscopic objects."},{"title":"PS2.A Forces and Motion","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"The role of the mass of an object must be qualitatively accounted for in any change of motion due to the application of a force."},{"title":"PS2.A Forces and Motion","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"The effect of unbalanced forces on an object results in a change of motion. Patterns of motion can be used to predict future motion. Some forces act through contact, some forces act even when the objects are not in contact. The gravitational force of Earth acting on an object near Earth’s surface pulls that object toward the planet’s center"},{"title":"PS2.B Types of Interactions","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Forces that act at a distance involve fields that can be mapped by their relative strength and effect on an object."},{"title":"PS2.B Types of Interactions","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Forces at a distance are explained by fields that can transfer energy and can be described in terms of the arrangement and properties of the interacting objects and the distance between them. These forces can be used to describe the relationship between electrical and magnetic fields."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The total energy within a system is conserved. Energy transfer within and between systems can be described and predicted in terms of energy associated with the motion or configuration of particles (objects)."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Kinetic energy can be distinguished from the various forms of potential energy. Energy changes to and from each type can be tracked through physical or chemical interactions. The relationship between the temperature and the total energy of a system depends on the types, states, and amounts of matter."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Moving objects contain energy. The faster the object moves, the more energy it has. Energy can be moved from place to place by moving objects, or through sound, light, or electrical currents. Energy can be converted from one form to another form."},{"title":"PS3.C Relationship between energy and forces","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Fields contain energy that depends on the arrangement of the objects in the field."},{"title":"PS3.C Relationship between energy and forces","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"When two objects interact, each one exerts a force on the other, and these forces can transfer energy between them."}],"sciEngPractices":[]},"gradeRange":[0,12]},{"id":96,"name":"Nighttime Lights","fullText":"nighttime lights cities dmsp human activity land night nighttime lights population satellites human impacts national aeronautics and space administration (nasa) noaa / national centers for environmental information / earth observations group (eog) national aeronautics and space administration (nasa) noaa / national centers for environmental information / earth observations group (eog)","dateAdded":"2010-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"nighttime-lights","url":"/catalog/datasets/nighttime-lights","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/land/earth_night/nightlights/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/land/earth_night/nightlights/playlist.sos","isRealtime":0,"startDate":null,"endDate":null,"hasAudio":true,"isNarratedMovie":0,"isSos":1,"isSosx":1,"variations":[{"name":"Nighttime Lights (with audio)","hasAudio":1,"isTranslated":null,"playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/land/earth_night/nightlights/playlist_audio.sos"},{"name":"Nighttime Lights: Katrina Power Outage","hasAudio":0,"isTranslated":null,"playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/land/earth_night/nightlights/playlist1.sos"},{"name":"Nighttime Lights: Ukraine and Florida PIPs","hasAudio":0,"isTranslated":null,"playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/land/earth_night/nightlights/playlist2.sos"}],"themes":["Human Impacts"],"keywords":["Cities","DMSP","Human Activity","Land","Night","Nighttime Lights","Population","Satellites"],"categories":{"Land":["Night"],"People":["Energy"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[{"title":"C1 Patterns","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students identify similarities and differences in order to sort and classify natural objects and designed products. 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They recognize changes in systems may have various causes that may not have equal effects."},{"title":"C2 Cause and Effect","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students routinely identify and test causal relationships and use these relationships to explain change. They understand events that occur together with regularity might or might not signify a cause and effect relationship"},{"title":"C2 Cause and Effect","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Students learn that events have causes that generate observable patterns. They design simple tests to gather evidence to support or refute their own ideas about causes."},{"title":"C3 Scale Proportion and Quantity","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students observe time, space, and energy phenomena at various scales using models to study systems that are too large or too small. They understand phenomena observed at one scale may not be observable at another scale, and the function of natural and designed systems may change with scale. 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The transfer of energy can be tracked as energy flows through a designed or natural system."},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand much of science deals with constructing explanations of how things change and how they remain stable. They quantify and model changes in systems over very short or very long periods of time. They see some changes are irreversible, and negative feedback can stabilize a system, while positive feedback can destabilize it. They recognize systems can be designed for greater or lesser stability"},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand much of science deals with constructing explanations of how things change and how they remain stable. They quantify and model changes in systems over very short or very long periods of time. They see some changes are irreversible, and negative feedback can stabilize a system, while positive feedback can destabilize it. They recognize systems can be designed for greater or lesser stability"},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students explain stability and change in natural or designed systems by examining changes over time, and considering forces at different scales, including the atomic scale. Students learn changes in one part of a system might cause large changes in another part, systems in dynamic equilibrium are stable due to a balance of feedback mechanisms, and stability might be disturbed by either sudden events or gradual changes that accumulate over time"}],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[{"title":"ESS1.A The Universe and its Stars","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Stars range greatly in size and distance from Earth and this can explain their relative brightness."},{"title":"ESS1.A The Universe and its Stars","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The sun is just one of more than 200 billion stars in the Milky Way galaxy, and the Milky Way is just one of hundreds of billions of galaxies in the universe. The study of stars’ light spectra and brightness is used to identify compositional elements of stars, their movements, and their distances from Earth."},{"title":"ESS1.A The Universe and its Stars","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"The universe began with a period of extreme and rapid expansion known as the Big Bang. Earth and its solar system are part of the Milky Way galaxy, which is one of many galaxies in the universe."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Sustainability of human societies and the biodiversity that supports them requires responsible management of natural resources, including the development of technologies that produce less pollution and waste and that preclude ecosystem degradation."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Human activities have altered the biosphere, sometimes damaging it, although changes to environments can have different impacts for different living things. Activities and technologies can be engineered to reduce people’s impacts on Earth."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Societal activities have had major effects on the land, ocean, atmosphere, and even outer space. Societal activities can also help protect Earth’s resources and environments."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Things people do can affect the environment but they can make choices to reduce their impacts."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The total energy within a system is conserved. Energy transfer within and between systems can be described and predicted in terms of energy associated with the motion or configuration of particles (objects)."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Kinetic energy can be distinguished from the various forms of potential energy. Energy changes to and from each type can be tracked through physical or chemical interactions. The relationship between the temperature and the total energy of a system depends on the types, states, and amounts of matter."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Moving objects contain energy. The faster the object moves, the more energy it has. Energy can be moved from place to place by moving objects, or through sound, light, or electrical currents. Energy can be converted from one form to another form."},{"title":"PS4.A Wave Properties","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The wavelength and frequency of a wave are related to one another by the speed of the wave, which depends on the type of wave and the medium through which it is passing. Waves can be used to transmit information and energy."},{"title":"PS4.A Wave Properties","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"A simple wave model has a repeating pattern with a specific wavelength, frequency, and amplitude, and mechanical waves need a medium through which they are transmitted. This model can explain many phenomena including sound and light. Waves can transmit energy"},{"title":"PS4.B Electromagnetic Radiation","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Both an electromagnetic wave model and a photon model explain features of electromagnetic radiation broadly and describe common applications of electromagnetic radiation."},{"title":"PS4.B Electromagnetic Radiation","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Object can be seen when light reflected from their surface enters our eyes"}],"sciEngPractices":[]},"gradeRange":[0,12]},{"id":98,"name":"Nighttime Lights (colorized)","fullText":"nighttime lights (colorized) cities dmsp fires gas flares human activity land night nighttime lights population satellites human impacts noaa / national centers for environmental information / earth observations group (eog) noaa / national centers for environmental information / earth observations group (eog)","dateAdded":"2010-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"nighttime-lights-colorized","url":"/catalog/datasets/nighttime-lights-colorized","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/land/earth_night/color_nightlights/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/land/earth_night/color_nightlights/playlist.sos","isRealtime":0,"startDate":null,"endDate":null,"hasAudio":false,"isNarratedMovie":0,"isSos":1,"isSosx":0,"variations":[],"themes":["Human Impacts"],"keywords":["Cities","DMSP","Fires","Gas Flares","Human Activity","Land","Night","Nighttime Lights","Population","Satellites"],"categories":{"Land":["Fire","Night"],"People":["Energy"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[],"sciEngPractices":[]}},{"id":415,"name":"Nighttime Lights - 2012","fullText":"nighttime lights - 2012 black marble cities earth land lights night population human impacts chris elvidge noaa / national centers for environmental information (ncei) robert simmon nasa earth observatory","dateAdded":"2013-07-24T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"nighttime-lights-2012","url":"/catalog/datasets/nighttime-lights-2012","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/land/earth_night/2012/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/land/earth_night/2012/playlist.sos","isRealtime":0,"startDate":null,"endDate":null,"hasAudio":false,"isNarratedMovie":0,"isSos":1,"isSosx":0,"variations":[],"themes":["Human Impacts"],"keywords":["Black Marble","Cities","Earth","Land","Lights","Night","Population"],"categories":{"Land":["Night"],"People":["Energy"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[],"sciEngPractices":[]}},{"id":32,"name":"Nitrogen Dioxide","fullText":"nitrogen dioxide air pollution air quality atmosphere chemistry emissions industrial nitrogen dioxide pollution ruud dirksen royal netherlands meteorological institute (knmi) ella wong oregon museum of science and industry (omsi) juliane fry reed college","dateAdded":"2010-05-01T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"nitrogen-dioxide","url":"/catalog/datasets/nitrogen-dioxide","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/atmosphere/no2_omsi/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/atmosphere/no2_omsi/playlist.sos","isRealtime":0,"startDate":"2004-10-01T00:00:00.000Z","endDate":"2009-12-31T00:00:00.000Z","hasAudio":false,"isNarratedMovie":0,"isSos":1,"isSosx":1,"variations":[],"themes":["Pollution"],"keywords":["Air Pollution","Air Quality","Atmosphere","Chemistry","Emissions","Industrial","Nitrogen Dioxide"],"categories":{"Air":["Human Impact","Chemistry"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[{"title":"C1 Patterns","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students observe patterns in systems at different scales and cite patterns as empirical evidence for causality in supporting their explanations of phenomena. 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They identify patterns related to time, including simple rates of change and cycles, and to use these patterns to make predictions."},{"title":"C3 Scale Proportion and Quantity","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand the significance of a phenomenon is dependent on the scale, proportion, and quantity at which it occurs. They recognize patterns observable at one scale may not be observable or exist at other scales, and some systems can only be studied indirectly as they are too small, too large, too fast, or too slow to observe directly. Students use orders of magnitude to understand how a model at one scale relates to a model at another scale. They use algebraic thinking to examine scientific data and predict the effect of a change in one variable on another (e.g., linear growth vs. exponential growth)."},{"title":"C3 Scale Proportion and Quantity","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students observe time, space, and energy phenomena at various scales using models to study systems that are too large or too small. They understand phenomena observed at one scale may not be observable at another scale, and the function of natural and designed systems may change with scale. They use proportional relationships (e.g., speed as the ratio of distance traveled to time taken) to gather information about the magnitude of properties and processes. They represent scientific relationships through the use of algebraic expressions and equations"},{"title":"C3 Scale Proportion and Quantity","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students recognize natural objects and observable phenomena exist from the very small to the immensely large. They use standard units to measure and describe physical quantities such as weight, time, temperature, and volume."},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students can investigate or analyze a system by defining its boundaries and initial conditions, as well as its inputs and outputs. They can use models (e.g., physical, mathematical, computer models) to simulate the flow of energy, matter, and interactions within and between systems at different scales. They can also use models and simulations to predict the behavior of a system, and recognize that these predictions have limited precision and reliability due to the assumptions and approximations inherent in the models. They can also design systems to do specific tasks."},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students understand that a system is a group of related parts that make up a whole and can carry out functions its individual parts cannot. They can also describe a system in terms of its components and their interactions."},{"title":"C6 Structures and Functions","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students model complex and microscopic structures and systems and visualize how their function depends on the shapes, composition, and relationships among its parts. They analyze many complex natural and designed structures and systems to determine how they function. They design structures to serve particular functions by taking into account properties of different materials, and how materials can be shaped and used."}],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The role of radiation from the sun and its interactions with the atmosphere, ocean, and land are the foundation for the global climate system. Global climate models are used to predict future changes, including changes influenced by human behavior and natural factors"},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Complex interactions determine local weather patterns and influence climate, including the role of the ocean."},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Weather is the combination of sunlight, wind, snow or rain, and temperature in a particular region and time. 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Energy drives the cycling of matter within and between systems. In nuclear processes, atoms are not conserved, but the total number of protons plus neutrons is conserved."}],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Feedback effects exist within and among Earth’s systems.The geological record shows that changes to global and regional climate can be caused by interactions among changes in the sun’s energy output or Earth’s orbit, tectonic events, ocean circulation, volcanic activity, glaciers, vegetation, and human activities."},{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Energy flows and matter cycles within and among Earth’s systems, including the sun and Earth’s interior as primary energy sources. 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When a system has a great number of component pieces, one may not be able to predict much about its precise future. For such systems (e.g., with very many colliding molecules), one can often predict average but not detailed properties and behaviors (e.g., average temperature, motion, and rates of chemical change but not the trajectories or other changes of particular molecules). Systems may evolve in unpredictable ways when the outcome depends sensitively on the starting condition and the starting condition cannot be specified precisely enough to distinguish between different possible outcomes."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The total energy within a system is conserved. 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Students learn some systems appear stable, but over long periods of time they will eventually change."}],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[{"title":"ESS1.A The Universe and its Stars","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Stars range greatly in size and distance from Earth and this can explain their relative brightness."},{"title":"ESS1.A The Universe and its Stars","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The sun is just one of more than 200 billion stars in the Milky Way galaxy, and the Milky Way is just one of hundreds of billions of galaxies in the universe. The study of stars’ light spectra and brightness is used to identify compositional elements of stars, their movements, and their distances from Earth."},{"title":"ESS1.A The Universe and its Stars","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"The universe began with a period of extreme and rapid expansion known as the Big Bang. Earth and its solar system are part of the Milky Way galaxy, which is one of many galaxies in the universe."},{"title":"ESS1.B Earth and the Solar System","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Kepler’s laws describe common features of the motions of orbiting objects. Observations from astronomy and space probes provide evidence for explanations of solar system formation. Changes in Earth’s tilt and orbit cause climate changes such as Ice Ages"},{"title":"ESS1.B Earth and the Solar System","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"The solar system contains many varied objects held together by gravity. Solar system models explain and predict eclipses, tides, lunar phases, and seasons."},{"title":"ESS1.B Earth and the Solar System","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"The Earth’s orbit and rotation, and the orbit of the moon around the Earth cause observable patterns."},{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Feedback effects exist within and among Earth’s systems.The geological record shows that changes to global and regional climate can be caused by interactions among changes in the sun’s energy output or Earth’s orbit, tectonic events, ocean circulation, volcanic activity, glaciers, vegetation, and human activities."},{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Energy flows and matter cycles within and among Earth’s systems, including the sun and Earth’s interior as primary energy sources. Plate tectonics is one result of these processes."},{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Four major Earth systems interact. Rainfall helps to shape the land and affects the types of living things found in a region. Water, ice, wind, organisms, and gravity break rocks, soils, and sediments into smaller pieces and move them around"},{"title":"ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth's Processes","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Most of Earth’s water is in the ocean and much of the Earth’s fresh water is in glaciers or underground."},{"title":"ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth's Processes","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Water cycles among land, ocean, and atmosphere, and is propelled by sunlight and gravity. Density variations of sea water drive interconnected ocean currents. Water movement causes weathering and erosion, changing landscape features."},{"title":"ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth's Processes","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The planet’s dynamics are greatly influenced by water’s unique chemical and physical properties."},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The role of radiation from the sun and its interactions with the atmosphere, ocean, and land are the foundation for the global climate system. Global climate models are used to predict future changes, including changes influenced by human behavior and natural factors"},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Complex interactions determine local weather patterns and influence climate, including the role of the ocean."},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Climate describes patterns of typical weather conditions over different scales and variations. Historical weather patterns can be analyzed so that they can make predictions about what kind of weather might happen next."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Sustainability of human societies and the biodiversity that supports them requires responsible management of natural resources, including the development of technologies that produce less pollution and waste and that preclude ecosystem degradation."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Human activities have altered the biosphere, sometimes damaging it, although changes to environments can have different impacts for different living things. Activities and technologies can be engineered to reduce people’s impacts on Earth."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Societal activities have had major effects on the land, ocean, atmosphere, and even outer space. Societal activities can also help protect Earth’s resources and environments."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Global climate models used to predict changes continue to be improved, although discoveries about the global climate system are ongoing and continually needed."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Human activities affect global warming. Decisions to reduce the impact of global warming depend on understanding climate science, engineering capabilities, and social dynamics."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"If Earth’s global mean temperature continues to rise, the lives of humans and other organisms will be affected in many different ways."},{"title":"PS4.A Wave Properties","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The wavelength and frequency of a wave are related to one another by the speed of the wave, which depends on the type of wave and the medium through which it is passing. Waves can be used to transmit information and energy."},{"title":"PS4.C Information Technologies and Instrumentation","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Large amounts of information can be stored and shipped around as a result of being digitized."},{"title":"PS4.C Information Technologies and Instrumentation","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Waves can be used to transmit digital information. Digitized information is comprised of a pattern of 1s and 0s."},{"title":"PS4.C Information Technologies and Instrumentation","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Patterns can encode, send, receive and decode information."}],"sciEngPractices":[]},"gradeRange":[3,12]},{"id":60,"name":"Ozone: Stratospheric - Real-time","fullText":"ozone: stratospheric - real-time antarctic arctic atmosphere cfc chemistry clouds ozone hole real-time satellites human impacts pollution noaa national environmental satellite, data, and information service (nesdis)","dateAdded":"2010-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"ozone-stratospheric-real-time","url":"/catalog/datasets/ozone-stratospheric-real-time","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/rt/ozone/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/rt/noaa/ozone/playlist/playlist.sos","isRealtime":1,"startDate":null,"endDate":null,"hasAudio":false,"isNarratedMovie":0,"isSos":1,"isSosx":1,"variations":[],"themes":["Human Impacts","Pollution"],"keywords":["Antarctic","Arctic","Atmosphere","CFC","Chemistry","Clouds","Ozone Hole","Real-time","Satellites"],"categories":{"Air":["Chemistry"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[{"title":"C1 Patterns","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students observe patterns in systems at different scales and cite patterns as empirical evidence for causality in supporting their explanations of phenomena. They recognize classifications or explanations used at one scale may not be useful or need revision using a different scale; thus requiring improved investigations and experiments. They use mathematical representations to identify certain patterns and analyze patterns of performance in order to re-engineer and improve a designed system."},{"title":"C1 Patterns","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students recognize that macroscopic patterns are related to the nature of microscopic and atomic-level structure. They identify patterns in rates of change and other numerical relationships that provide information about natural and human designed systems. They use patterns to identify cause and effect relationships, and use graphs and charts to identify patterns in data."},{"title":"C1 Patterns","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students identify similarities and differences in order to sort and classify natural objects and designed products. They identify patterns related to time, including simple rates of change and cycles, and to use these patterns to make predictions."},{"title":"C2 Cause and Effect","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand that empirical evidence is required to differentiate between cause and correlation and to make claims about specific causes and effects. They suggest cause and effect relationships to explain and predict behaviors in complex natural and designed systems. They also propose causal relationships by examining what is known about smaller scale mechanisms within the system. They recognize changes in systems may have various causes that may not have equal effects."},{"title":"C2 Cause and Effect","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students classify relationships as causal or correlational, and recognize that correlation does not necessarily imply causation. They use cause and effect relationships to predict phenomena in natural or designed systems. They also understand that phenomena may have more than one cause, and some cause and effect relationships in systems can only be described using probability."},{"title":"C2 Cause and Effect","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students routinely identify and test causal relationships and use these relationships to explain change. They understand events that occur together with regularity might or might not signify a cause and effect relationship"},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students can investigate or analyze a system by defining its boundaries and initial conditions, as well as its inputs and outputs. They can use models (e.g., physical, mathematical, computer models) to simulate the flow of energy, matter, and interactions within and between systems at different scales. They can also use models and simulations to predict the behavior of a system, and recognize that these predictions have limited precision and reliability due to the assumptions and approximations inherent in the models. They can also design systems to do specific tasks."},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students can understand that systems may interact with other systems; they may have sub-systems and be a part of larger complex systems. They can use models to represent systems and their interactions—such as inputs, processes and outputs—and energy, matter, and information flows within systems. They can also learn that models are limited in that they only represent certain aspects of the system under study."},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students understand that a system is a group of related parts that make up a whole and can carry out functions its individual parts cannot. They can also describe a system in terms of its components and their interactions."},{"title":"C5 Energy and Matter","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students learn that the total amount of energy and matter in closed systems is conserved. They can describe changes of energy and matter in a system in terms of energy and matter flows into, out of, and within that system. They also learn that energy cannot be created or destroyed. It only moves between one place and another place, between objects and/or fields, or between systems. Energy drives the cycling of matter within and between systems. In nuclear processes, atoms are not conserved, but the total number of protons plus neutrons is conserved."},{"title":"C5 Energy and Matter","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students learn matter is conserved because atoms are conserved in physical and chemical processes. They also learn within a natural or designed system, the transfer of energy drives the motion and/or cycling of matter. Energy may take different forms (e.g. energy in fields, thermal energy, energy of motion). The transfer of energy can be tracked as energy flows through a designed or natural system."},{"title":"C5 Energy and Matter","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students learn matter is made of particles and energy can be transferred in various ways and between objects. Students observe the conservation of matter by tracking matter flows and cycles before and after processes and recognizing the total weight of substances does not change."},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand much of science deals with constructing explanations of how things change and how they remain stable. They quantify and model changes in systems over very short or very long periods of time. They see some changes are irreversible, and negative feedback can stabilize a system, while positive feedback can destabilize it. They recognize systems can be designed for greater or lesser stability"},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand much of science deals with constructing explanations of how things change and how they remain stable. They quantify and model changes in systems over very short or very long periods of time. They see some changes are irreversible, and negative feedback can stabilize a system, while positive feedback can destabilize it. They recognize systems can be designed for greater or lesser stability"},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students explain stability and change in natural or designed systems by examining changes over time, and considering forces at different scales, including the atomic scale. Students learn changes in one part of a system might cause large changes in another part, systems in dynamic equilibrium are stable due to a balance of feedback mechanisms, and stability might be disturbed by either sudden events or gradual changes that accumulate over time"},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students measure change in terms of differences over time, and observe that change may occur at different rates. Students learn some systems appear stable, but over long periods of time they will eventually change."}],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Feedback effects exist within and among Earth’s systems.The geological record shows that changes to global and regional climate can be caused by interactions among changes in the sun’s energy output or Earth’s orbit, tectonic events, ocean circulation, volcanic activity, glaciers, vegetation, and human activities."},{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Energy flows and matter cycles within and among Earth’s systems, including the sun and Earth’s interior as primary energy sources. Plate tectonics is one result of these processes."},{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Four major Earth systems interact. Rainfall helps to shape the land and affects the types of living things found in a region. Water, ice, wind, organisms, and gravity break rocks, soils, and sediments into smaller pieces and move them around"},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The role of radiation from the sun and its interactions with the atmosphere, ocean, and land are the foundation for the global climate system. Global climate models are used to predict future changes, including changes influenced by human behavior and natural factors"},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Complex interactions determine local weather patterns and influence climate, including the role of the ocean."},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Climate describes patterns of typical weather conditions over different scales and variations. Historical weather patterns can be analyzed so that they can make predictions about what kind of weather might happen next."},{"title":"ESS3.A Natural Resources","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Energy and fuels humans use are derived from natural sources and their use affects the environment. Some resources are renewable over time, others are not."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Sustainability of human societies and the biodiversity that supports them requires responsible management of natural resources, including the development of technologies that produce less pollution and waste and that preclude ecosystem degradation."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Human activities have altered the biosphere, sometimes damaging it, although changes to environments can have different impacts for different living things. Activities and technologies can be engineered to reduce people’s impacts on Earth."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Societal activities have had major effects on the land, ocean, atmosphere, and even outer space. Societal activities can also help protect Earth’s resources and environments."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Global climate models used to predict changes continue to be improved, although discoveries about the global climate system are ongoing and continually needed."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Human activities affect global warming. Decisions to reduce the impact of global warming depend on understanding climate science, engineering capabilities, and social dynamics."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"If Earth’s global mean temperature continues to rise, the lives of humans and other organisms will be affected in many different ways."},{"title":"PS1.A Structure of Matter","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The sub-atomic structural model and interactions between electric charges at the atomic scale can be used to explain the structure and interactions of matter, including chemical reactions and nuclear processes. Repeating patterns of the periodic table reflect patterns of outer electrons. A stable molecule has less energy than the same set of atoms separated; one must provide at least this energy to take the molecule apart"},{"title":"PS1.A Structure of Matter","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"The fact that matter is composed of atoms and molecules can be used to explain the properties of substances, diversity of materials, states of matter, phase changes, and conservation of matter."},{"title":"PS1.B Chemical Reactions","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Reacting substances rearrange to form different molecules, but the number of atoms is conserved. Some reactions release energy and others absorb energy."},{"title":"PS1.B Chemical Reactions","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Chemical processes are understood in terms of collisions of molecules, rearrangement of atoms, and changes in energy as determined by properties of elements involved."}],"sciEngPractices":[]},"gradeRange":[3,12]},{"id":647,"name":"Paleoclimate Proxies","fullText":"paleoclimate proxies climate coral ice cores paleoclimate seafloor speleothems tree rings climate change human impacts noaa's national centers for environmental information (ncei), center for weather and climate, world data service for paleoclimatology wendy gross noaa paleoclimatology, ncei national centers for environmental information jeremy hoffman science museum of virginia","dateAdded":"2017-02-08T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"paleoclimate-proxies","url":"/catalog/datasets/paleoclimate-proxies","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/land/paleo_overlays/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/land/paleo_overlays/playlist.sos","isRealtime":0,"startDate":null,"endDate":null,"hasAudio":false,"isNarratedMovie":0,"isSos":1,"isSosx":0,"variations":[],"themes":["Climate Change","Human Impacts"],"keywords":["Climate","Coral","Ice Cores","Paleoclimate","Seafloor","Speleothems","Tree Rings"],"categories":{"Water":["Seafloor","Ocean Monitoring"],"Land":["Life"],"Snow and Ice":["Freshwater"],"Air":["Temperature Change"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[],"sciEngPractices":[]}},{"id":696,"name":"PALEOMAP PaleoAtlas 0 - 750 Million Years Ago","fullText":"paleomap paleoatlas 0 - 750 million years ago bathymetry land cover maps oceans paleoclimate pangaea plate boundaries topography paleogeography plate tectonics chris scotese paleomap project chris scotese paleomap project chris scotese paleomap project","dateAdded":"2019-02-27T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"paleomap-paleoatlas-0-750-million-years-ago","url":"/catalog/datasets/paleomap-paleoatlas-0-750-million-years-ago","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/land/paleo_map/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/land/paleo_map/playlist.sos","isRealtime":0,"startDate":null,"endDate":null,"hasAudio":false,"isNarratedMovie":0,"isSos":1,"isSosx":0,"variations":[],"themes":["Plate Tectonics"],"keywords":["Bathymetry","Land Cover","Maps","Oceans","Paleoclimate","Pangaea","Plate Boundaries","Topography","paleogeography"],"categories":{"Land":["Plate Tectonics"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[],"sciEngPractices":[]}},{"id":234,"name":"Phobos: Mars' Moon","fullText":"phobos: mars' moon astronomy crater mars moon phobos planet space solar system phil stooke phil stooke phil stooke","dateAdded":"2012-01-02T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"phobos-mars-moon","url":"/catalog/datasets/phobos-mars-moon","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/astronomy/mars_moons/phobos/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/astronomy/mars_moons/phobos/playlist.sos","isRealtime":0,"startDate":null,"endDate":null,"hasAudio":false,"isNarratedMovie":0,"isSos":1,"isSosx":0,"variations":[],"themes":["Solar System"],"keywords":["Astronomy","Crater","Mars","Moon","Phobos","Planet","Space"],"categories":{"Space":["Moons"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[],"sciEngPractices":[]}},{"id":260,"name":"Phoebe: Saturn's Moon","fullText":"phoebe: saturn's moon astronomy phoebe planet saturn space solar system steve albers","dateAdded":"2010-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"phoebe-saturns-moon","url":"/catalog/datasets/phoebe-saturns-moon","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/astronomy/phoebe/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/astronomy/phoebe/playlist.sos","isRealtime":0,"startDate":null,"endDate":null,"hasAudio":false,"isNarratedMovie":0,"isSos":1,"isSosx":0,"variations":[],"themes":["Solar System"],"keywords":["Astronomy","Phoebe","Planet","Saturn","Space"],"categories":{"Space":["Moons"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[],"sciEngPractices":[]}},{"id":630,"name":"Phytoplankton Model","fullText":"phytoplankton model biology biosphere carbon cycle carbon dioxide marine ecosystems marine science ocean circulation oceans phytoplankton primary productivity nasa / jet propulsion laboratory (jpl) mit darwin project mit darwin project mitgcm","dateAdded":"2016-10-25T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"phytoplankton-model","url":"/catalog/datasets/phytoplankton-model","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/oceans/phytoplankton/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/oceans/phytoplankton/playlist.sos","isRealtime":0,"startDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","endDate":"1999-12-31T00:00:00.000Z","hasAudio":false,"isNarratedMovie":0,"isSos":1,"isSosx":1,"variations":[],"themes":[],"keywords":["Biology","Biosphere","Carbon Cycle","Carbon Dioxide","Marine Ecosystems","Marine Science","Ocean Circulation","Oceans","Phytoplankton","Primary Productivity"],"categories":{"Water":["Ocean Currents and Circulation","Life"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[{"title":"C1 Patterns","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students observe patterns in systems at different scales and cite patterns as empirical evidence for causality in supporting their explanations of phenomena. They recognize classifications or explanations used at one scale may not be useful or need revision using a different scale; thus requiring improved investigations and experiments. They use mathematical representations to identify certain patterns and analyze patterns of performance in order to re-engineer and improve a designed system."},{"title":"C1 Patterns","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students recognize that macroscopic patterns are related to the nature of microscopic and atomic-level structure. They identify patterns in rates of change and other numerical relationships that provide information about natural and human designed systems. They use patterns to identify cause and effect relationships, and use graphs and charts to identify patterns in data."},{"title":"C1 Patterns","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students identify similarities and differences in order to sort and classify natural objects and designed products. They identify patterns related to time, including simple rates of change and cycles, and to use these patterns to make predictions."},{"title":"C1 Patterns","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Children recognize that patterns in the natural and human designed world can be observed, used to describe phenomena, and used as evidence"},{"title":"C2 Cause and Effect","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand that empirical evidence is required to differentiate between cause and correlation and to make claims about specific causes and effects. They suggest cause and effect relationships to explain and predict behaviors in complex natural and designed systems. They also propose causal relationships by examining what is known about smaller scale mechanisms within the system. They recognize changes in systems may have various causes that may not have equal effects."},{"title":"C2 Cause and Effect","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students classify relationships as causal or correlational, and recognize that correlation does not necessarily imply causation. They use cause and effect relationships to predict phenomena in natural or designed systems. They also understand that phenomena may have more than one cause, and some cause and effect relationships in systems can only be described using probability."},{"title":"C2 Cause and Effect","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students routinely identify and test causal relationships and use these relationships to explain change. They understand events that occur together with regularity might or might not signify a cause and effect relationship"},{"title":"C2 Cause and Effect","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Students learn that events have causes that generate observable patterns. They design simple tests to gather evidence to support or refute their own ideas about causes."},{"title":"C3 Scale Proportion and Quantity","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students recognize natural objects and observable phenomena exist from the very small to the immensely large. They use standard units to measure and describe physical quantities such as weight, time, temperature, and volume."},{"title":"C5 Energy and Matter","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students learn that the total amount of energy and matter in closed systems is conserved. They can describe changes of energy and matter in a system in terms of energy and matter flows into, out of, and within that system. They also learn that energy cannot be created or destroyed. It only moves between one place and another place, between objects and/or fields, or between systems. Energy drives the cycling of matter within and between systems. In nuclear processes, atoms are not conserved, but the total number of protons plus neutrons is conserved."},{"title":"C5 Energy and Matter","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students learn matter is conserved because atoms are conserved in physical and chemical processes. They also learn within a natural or designed system, the transfer of energy drives the motion and/or cycling of matter. Energy may take different forms (e.g. energy in fields, thermal energy, energy of motion). The transfer of energy can be tracked as energy flows through a designed or natural system."},{"title":"C5 Energy and Matter","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students learn matter is made of particles and energy can be transferred in various ways and between objects. Students observe the conservation of matter by tracking matter flows and cycles before and after processes and recognizing the total weight of substances does not change."},{"title":"C6 Structures and Functions","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students investigate systems by examining the properties of different materials, the structures of different components, and their interconnections to reveal the system’s function and/or solve a problem. They infer the functions and properties of natural and designed objects and systems from their overall structure, the way their components are shaped and used, and the molecular substructures of their various materials."},{"title":"C6 Structures and Functions","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students model complex and microscopic structures and systems and visualize how their function depends on the shapes, composition, and relationships among its parts. They analyze many complex natural and designed structures and systems to determine how they function. They design structures to serve particular functions by taking into account properties of different materials, and how materials can be shaped and used."}],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Feedback effects exist within and among Earth’s systems.The geological record shows that changes to global and regional climate can be caused by interactions among changes in the sun’s energy output or Earth’s orbit, tectonic events, ocean circulation, volcanic activity, glaciers, vegetation, and human activities."},{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Energy flows and matter cycles within and among Earth’s systems, including the sun and Earth’s interior as primary energy sources. Plate tectonics is one result of these processes."},{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Four major Earth systems interact. Rainfall helps to shape the land and affects the types of living things found in a region. Water, ice, wind, organisms, and gravity break rocks, soils, and sediments into smaller pieces and move them around"},{"title":"ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth's Processes","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Water is found in many types of places and in different forms on Earth"},{"title":"ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth's Processes","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Most of Earth’s water is in the ocean and much of the Earth’s fresh water is in glaciers or underground."},{"title":"ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth's Processes","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Water cycles among land, ocean, and atmosphere, and is propelled by sunlight and gravity. Density variations of sea water drive interconnected ocean currents. Water movement causes weathering and erosion, changing landscape features."},{"title":"ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth's Processes","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The planet’s dynamics are greatly influenced by water’s unique chemical and physical properties."},{"title":"LS1.A Structure and Function","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Systems of specialized cells within organisms help perform essential functions of life. Any one system in an organism is made up of numerous parts. Feedback mechanisms maintain an organism’s internal conditions within certain limits and mediate behaviors."},{"title":"LS1.A Structure and Function","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"All living things are made up of cells. In organisms, cells work together to form tissues and organs that are specialized for particular body functions"},{"title":"LS1.A Structure and Function","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Organisms have both internal and external macroscopic structures that allow for growth, survival, behavior, and reproduction."},{"title":"LS1.A Structure and Function","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"All organisms have external parts that they use to perform daily functions."},{"title":"LS2.A Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"The food of almost any animal can be traced back to plants. Organisms are related in food webs in which some animals eat plants for food and other animals eat the animals that eat plants, while decomposers restore some materials back to the soil."},{"title":"LS2.A Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Plants depend on water and light to grow, and also depend on animals for pollination or to move their seeds around."},{"title":"LS2.A Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Organisms and populations are dependent on their environmental interactions both with other living things and with nonliving factors, any of which can limit their growth. Competitive, predatory, and mutually beneficial interactions vary across ecosystems but the patterns are shared."},{"title":"LS2.A Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Ecosystems have carrying capacities resulting from biotic and abiotic factors. The fundamental tension between resource availability and organism populations affects the abundance of species in any given ecosystem."},{"title":"LS2.B Cycles of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Photosynthesis and cellular respiration provide most of the energy for life processes. Only a fraction of matter consumed at the lower level of a food web is transferred up, resulting in fewer organisms at higher levels. At each link in an ecosystem elements are combined in different ways and matter and energy are conserved. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are key components of the global carbon cycle."},{"title":"LS2.B Cycles of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"The atoms that make up the organisms in an ecosystem are cycled repeatedly between the living and nonliving parts of the ecosystem. Food webs model how matter and energy are transferred among producers, consumers, and decomposers as the three groups interact within an ecosystem."},{"title":"LS2.B Cycles of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Matter cycles between the air and soil and among organisms as they live and die."},{"title":"LS2.B Cycles of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Organisms obtain the materials they need to grow and survive from the environment. 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They can use models to represent systems and their interactions—such as inputs, processes and outputs—and energy, matter, and information flows within systems. They can also learn that models are limited in that they only represent certain aspects of the system under study."},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students understand that a system is a group of related parts that make up a whole and can carry out functions its individual parts cannot. They can also describe a system in terms of its components and their interactions."},{"title":"C5 Energy and Matter","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students learn that the total amount of energy and matter in closed systems is conserved. They can describe changes of energy and matter in a system in terms of energy and matter flows into, out of, and within that system. They also learn that energy cannot be created or destroyed. It only moves between one place and another place, between objects and/or fields, or between systems. Energy drives the cycling of matter within and between systems. In nuclear processes, atoms are not conserved, but the total number of protons plus neutrons is conserved."},{"title":"C5 Energy and Matter","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students learn matter is conserved because atoms are conserved in physical and chemical processes. They also learn within a natural or designed system, the transfer of energy drives the motion and/or cycling of matter. Energy may take different forms (e.g. energy in fields, thermal energy, energy of motion). The transfer of energy can be tracked as energy flows through a designed or natural system."},{"title":"C6 Structures and Functions","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students investigate systems by examining the properties of different materials, the structures of different components, and their interconnections to reveal the system’s function and/or solve a problem. They infer the functions and properties of natural and designed objects and systems from their overall structure, the way their components are shaped and used, and the molecular substructures of their various materials."},{"title":"C6 Structures and Functions","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students model complex and microscopic structures and systems and visualize how their function depends on the shapes, composition, and relationships among its parts. They analyze many complex natural and designed structures and systems to determine how they function. They design structures to serve particular functions by taking into account properties of different materials, and how materials can be shaped and used."},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students measure change in terms of differences over time, and observe that change may occur at different rates. Students learn some systems appear stable, but over long periods of time they will eventually change."}],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[{"title":"ESS1.B Earth and the Solar System","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Kepler’s laws describe common features of the motions of orbiting objects. Observations from astronomy and space probes provide evidence for explanations of solar system formation. Changes in Earth’s tilt and orbit cause climate changes such as Ice Ages"},{"title":"ESS1.B Earth and the Solar System","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"The solar system contains many varied objects held together by gravity. Solar system models explain and predict eclipses, tides, lunar phases, and seasons."},{"title":"ESS1.B Earth and the Solar System","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"The Earth’s orbit and rotation, and the orbit of the moon around the Earth cause observable patterns."},{"title":"PS2.A Forces and Motion","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Newton’s 2nd law (F=ma) and the conservation of momentum can be used to predict changes in the motion of macroscopic objects."},{"title":"PS2.A Forces and Motion","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"The role of the mass of an object must be qualitatively accounted for in any change of motion due to the application of a force."},{"title":"PS2.A Forces and Motion","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"The effect of unbalanced forces on an object results in a change of motion. Patterns of motion can be used to predict future motion. Some forces act through contact, some forces act even when the objects are not in contact. The gravitational force of Earth acting on an object near Earth’s surface pulls that object toward the planet’s center"},{"title":"PS2.B Types of Interactions","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Forces that act at a distance involve fields that can be mapped by their relative strength and effect on an object."},{"title":"PS2.B Types of Interactions","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Forces at a distance are explained by fields that can transfer energy and can be described in terms of the arrangement and properties of the interacting objects and the distance between them. These forces can be used to describe the relationship between electrical and magnetic fields."},{"title":"PS2.C Stability & Instability in Physical Systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Systems often change in predictable ways; understanding the forces that drive the transformations and cycles within a system, as well as the forces imposed on the system from the outside, helps predict its behavior under a variety of conditions. When a system has a great number of component pieces, one may not be able to predict much about its precise future. For such systems (e.g., with very many colliding molecules), one can often predict average but not detailed properties and behaviors (e.g., average temperature, motion, and rates of chemical change but not the trajectories or other changes of particular molecules). Systems may evolve in unpredictable ways when the outcome depends sensitively on the starting condition and the starting condition cannot be specified precisely enough to distinguish between different possible outcomes."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The total energy within a system is conserved. Energy transfer within and between systems can be described and predicted in terms of energy associated with the motion or configuration of particles (objects)."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Kinetic energy can be distinguished from the various forms of potential energy. Energy changes to and from each type can be tracked through physical or chemical interactions. The relationship between the temperature and the total energy of a system depends on the types, states, and amounts of matter."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Moving objects contain energy. The faster the object moves, the more energy it has. Energy can be moved from place to place by moving objects, or through sound, light, or electrical currents. Energy can be converted from one form to another form."},{"title":"PS3.C Relationship between energy and forces","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Fields contain energy that depends on the arrangement of the objects in the field."},{"title":"PS3.C Relationship between energy and forces","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"When two objects interact, each one exerts a force on the other, and these forces can transfer energy between them."},{"title":"PS4.A Wave Properties","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The wavelength and frequency of a wave are related to one another by the speed of the wave, which depends on the type of wave and the medium through which it is passing. Waves can be used to transmit information and energy."},{"title":"PS4.C Information Technologies and Instrumentation","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Large amounts of information can be stored and shipped around as a result of being digitized."},{"title":"PS4.C Information Technologies and Instrumentation","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Waves can be used to transmit digital information. Digitized information is comprised of a pattern of 1s and 0s."},{"title":"PS4.C Information Technologies and Instrumentation","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Patterns can encode, send, receive and decode information."}],"sciEngPractices":[]},"gradeRange":[3,12]},{"id":356,"name":"Satellite Swath - Real-time","fullText":"satellite swath - real-time aqua atmosphere modis real-time swath weather nasa / goddard space flight center (gsfc) nasa earth observations (neo) bill mitchell lawrence hall of science, university of california, berkeley","dateAdded":"2012-10-01T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"satellite-swath-real-time","url":"/catalog/datasets/satellite-swath-real-time","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/rt/modis/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/rt/noaa/modis/playlist/playlist.sos","isRealtime":1,"startDate":null,"endDate":null,"hasAudio":false,"isNarratedMovie":0,"isSos":1,"isSosx":0,"variations":[],"themes":[],"keywords":["Aqua","Atmosphere","MODIS","Real-time","Swath","Weather"],"categories":{"Space":["Satellites"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[],"sciEngPractices":[]}},{"id":39,"name":"Satellites: Paths and Positions","fullText":"satellites: paths and positions atmosphere eumetsat earth goes geostationary geosynchronous international space station jma nature of science polar orbiting satellites rick kohrs uw-madison space science and engineering center (ssec) rick kohrs uw-madison space science and engineering center (ssec) rick kohrs uw-madison space science and engineering center (ssec)","dateAdded":"2010-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"satellites-paths-and-positions","url":"/catalog/datasets/satellites-paths-and-positions","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/atmosphere/all_sats/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/atmosphere/all_sats/playlist.sos","isRealtime":0,"startDate":"2007-02-15T00:00:00.000Z","endDate":"2007-02-15T00:00:00.000Z","hasAudio":true,"isNarratedMovie":0,"isSos":1,"isSosx":0,"variations":[{"name":"Satellites: Paths and Positions (with audio)","hasAudio":1,"isTranslated":null,"playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/atmosphere/all_sats/playlist_audio.sos"}],"themes":[],"keywords":["Atmosphere","EUMETSAT","Earth","GOES","Geostationary","Geosynchronous","International Space Station","JMA","Nature Of Science","Polar Orbiting","Satellites"],"categories":{"Space":["Satellites"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[],"sciEngPractices":[]}},{"id":249,"name":"Saturn","fullText":"saturn astronomy gas giant planet saturn space solar system bjorn jonsson steve albers","dateAdded":"2010-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"saturn","url":"/catalog/datasets/saturn","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/astronomy/saturn/original/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/astronomy/saturn/original/playlist.sos","isRealtime":0,"startDate":null,"endDate":null,"hasAudio":false,"isNarratedMovie":0,"isSos":1,"isSosx":1,"variations":[],"themes":["Solar System"],"keywords":["Astronomy","Gas Giant","Planet","Saturn","Space"],"categories":{"Space":["Planets and Exoplanets"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[{"title":"C1 Patterns","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students observe patterns in systems at different scales and cite patterns as empirical evidence for causality in supporting their explanations of phenomena. 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They identify patterns related to time, including simple rates of change and cycles, and to use these patterns to make predictions."},{"title":"C1 Patterns","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Children recognize that patterns in the natural and human designed world can be observed, used to describe phenomena, and used as evidence"},{"title":"C3 Scale Proportion and Quantity","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students recognize natural objects and observable phenomena exist from the very small to the immensely large. They use standard units to measure and describe physical quantities such as weight, time, temperature, and volume."},{"title":"C5 Energy and Matter","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students learn that the total amount of energy and matter in closed systems is conserved. They can describe changes of energy and matter in a system in terms of energy and matter flows into, out of, and within that system. They also learn that energy cannot be created or destroyed. 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They recognize systems can be designed for greater or lesser stability"},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students explain stability and change in natural or designed systems by examining changes over time, and considering forces at different scales, including the atomic scale. Students learn changes in one part of a system might cause large changes in another part, systems in dynamic equilibrium are stable due to a balance of feedback mechanisms, and stability might be disturbed by either sudden events or gradual changes that accumulate over time"},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students measure change in terms of differences over time, and observe that change may occur at different rates. Students learn some systems appear stable, but over long periods of time they will eventually change."},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Students observe some things stay the same while other things change, and things may change slowly or rapidly."}],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[{"title":"ESS1.A The Universe and its Stars","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Stars range greatly in size and distance from Earth and this can explain their relative brightness."},{"title":"ESS1.A The Universe and its Stars","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Patterns of movement of the sun, moon, and stars as seen from Earth can be observed, described, and predicted"},{"title":"ESS1.A The Universe and its Stars","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The sun is just one of more than 200 billion stars in the Milky Way galaxy, and the Milky Way is just one of hundreds of billions of galaxies in the universe. The study of stars’ light spectra and brightness is used to identify compositional elements of stars, their movements, and their distances from Earth."},{"title":"ESS1.A The Universe and its Stars","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"The universe began with a period of extreme and rapid expansion known as the Big Bang. Earth and its solar system are part of the Milky Way galaxy, which is one of many galaxies in the universe."},{"title":"ESS1.B Earth and the Solar System","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Patterns of movement of the sun, moon, and stars as seen from Earth can be observed, described, and predicted"},{"title":"ESS1.B Earth and the Solar System","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Kepler’s laws describe common features of the motions of orbiting objects. Observations from astronomy and space probes provide evidence for explanations of solar system formation. Changes in Earth’s tilt and orbit cause climate changes such as Ice Ages"},{"title":"ESS1.B Earth and the Solar System","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"The solar system contains many varied objects held together by gravity. Solar system models explain and predict eclipses, tides, lunar phases, and seasons."},{"title":"ESS1.B Earth and the Solar System","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"The Earth’s orbit and rotation, and the orbit of the moon around the Earth cause observable patterns."},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The role of radiation from the sun and its interactions with the atmosphere, ocean, and land are the foundation for the global climate system. Global climate models are used to predict future changes, including changes influenced by human behavior and natural factors"},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Complex interactions determine local weather patterns and influence climate, including the role of the ocean."},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Climate describes patterns of typical weather conditions over different scales and variations. Historical weather patterns can be analyzed so that they can make predictions about what kind of weather might happen next."},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Weather is the combination of sunlight, wind, snow or rain, and temperature in a particular region and time. People record weather patterns over time"},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Natural hazards and other geological events have shaped the course of human history at local, regional, and global scales. Human activities can contribute to the frequency and intensity of some natural hazards."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Mapping the history of natural hazards in a region and understanding related geological forces can help forecast the locations and likelihoods of future events, such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and severe weather."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"A variety of hazards result from natural processes; humans cannot eliminate hazards but can reduce their impacts."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"In a region, some kinds of severe weather are more likely than others. Forecasts allow communities to prepare for severe weather."},{"title":"PS1.A Structure of Matter","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The sub-atomic structural model and interactions between electric charges at the atomic scale can be used to explain the structure and interactions of matter, including chemical reactions and nuclear processes. Repeating patterns of the periodic table reflect patterns of outer electrons. A stable molecule has less energy than the same set of atoms separated; one must provide at least this energy to take the molecule apart"},{"title":"PS1.A Structure of Matter","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"The fact that matter is composed of atoms and molecules can be used to explain the properties of substances, diversity of materials, states of matter, phase changes, and conservation of matter."},{"title":"PS1.A Structure of Matter","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Because matter exists as particles that are too small to see, matter is always conserved even if it seems to disappear. Measurements of a variety of observable properties can be used to identify particular materials."},{"title":"PS2.A Forces and Motion","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Newton’s 2nd law (F=ma) and the conservation of momentum can be used to predict changes in the motion of macroscopic objects."},{"title":"PS2.A Forces and Motion","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"The role of the mass of an object must be qualitatively accounted for in any change of motion due to the application of a force."},{"title":"PS2.A Forces and Motion","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"The effect of unbalanced forces on an object results in a change of motion. Patterns of motion can be used to predict future motion. Some forces act through contact, some forces act even when the objects are not in contact. The gravitational force of Earth acting on an object near Earth’s surface pulls that object toward the planet’s center"},{"title":"PS2.B Types of Interactions","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Forces that act at a distance involve fields that can be mapped by their relative strength and effect on an object."},{"title":"PS2.B Types of Interactions","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Forces at a distance are explained by fields that can transfer energy and can be described in terms of the arrangement and properties of the interacting objects and the distance between them. These forces can be used to describe the relationship between electrical and magnetic fields."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The total energy within a system is conserved. Energy transfer within and between systems can be described and predicted in terms of energy associated with the motion or configuration of particles (objects)."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Kinetic energy can be distinguished from the various forms of potential energy. Energy changes to and from each type can be tracked through physical or chemical interactions. The relationship between the temperature and the total energy of a system depends on the types, states, and amounts of matter."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Moving objects contain energy. The faster the object moves, the more energy it has. Energy can be moved from place to place by moving objects, or through sound, light, or electrical currents. Energy can be converted from one form to another form."},{"title":"PS3.C Relationship between energy and forces","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Fields contain energy that depends on the arrangement of the objects in the field."},{"title":"PS3.C Relationship between energy and forces","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"When two objects interact, each one exerts a force on the other, and these forces can transfer energy between them."},{"title":"PS4.C Information Technologies and Instrumentation","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Large amounts of information can be stored and shipped around as a result of being digitized."},{"title":"PS4.C Information Technologies and Instrumentation","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Waves can be used to transmit digital information. Digitized information is comprised of a pattern of 1s and 0s."},{"title":"PS4.C Information Technologies and Instrumentation","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Patterns can encode, send, receive and decode information."},{"title":"PS4.C Information Technologies and Instrumentation","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"People use devices to send and receive information."}],"sciEngPractices":[]},"gradeRange":[0,12]},{"id":250,"name":"Saturn (enhanced colors)","fullText":"saturn (enhanced colors) astronomy gas giant planet planetary comparison saturn space solar system nasa / goddard space flight center (gsfc) nasa / goddard space flight center (gsfc) nasa / goddard space flight center (gsfc)","dateAdded":"2010-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"saturn-enhanced-colors","url":"/catalog/datasets/saturn-enhanced-colors","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/astronomy/saturn/color_enhanced/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/astronomy/saturn/color_enhanced/playlist.sos","isRealtime":0,"startDate":null,"endDate":null,"hasAudio":false,"isNarratedMovie":0,"isSos":1,"isSosx":0,"variations":[],"themes":["Solar System"],"keywords":["Astronomy","Gas Giant","Planet","Planetary Comparison","Saturn","Space"],"categories":{"Space":["Planets and Exoplanets"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[{"title":"ESS1.B Earth and the Solar System","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Patterns of movement of the sun, moon, and stars as seen from Earth can be observed, described, and predicted"}],"sciEngPractices":[]},"gradeRange":[0,2]},{"id":662,"name":"Saturn with Rings (3D)","fullText":"saturn with rings (3d) astronomy planet planetary comparison rings saturn space solar system nasa noaa / global systems laboratory (gsl)","dateAdded":"2017-05-02T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"saturn-with-rings-3d","url":"/catalog/datasets/saturn-with-rings-3d","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/astronomy/saturn/original/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"","isRealtime":0,"startDate":null,"endDate":null,"hasAudio":false,"isNarratedMovie":0,"isSos":0,"isSosx":1,"variations":[],"themes":["Solar System"],"keywords":["Astronomy","Planet","Planetary Comparison","Rings","Saturn","Space"],"categories":{"Space":["Planets and Exoplanets"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[{"title":"C1 Patterns","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students observe patterns in systems at different scales and cite patterns as empirical evidence for causality in supporting their explanations of phenomena. 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Changes in Earth’s tilt and orbit cause climate changes such as Ice Ages"},{"title":"ESS1.B Earth and the Solar System","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"The solar system contains many varied objects held together by gravity. 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Some reactions release energy and others absorb energy."},{"title":"PS1.B Chemical Reactions","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Chemical processes are understood in terms of collisions of molecules, rearrangement of atoms, and changes in energy as determined by properties of elements involved."},{"title":"PS1.C Nuclear Processes","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Nuclear fusion can result in the merging of two nuclei to form a larger one, along with the release of significantly more energy per atom than any chemical process.  Nuclear fusion taking place in the cores of stars provides the energy released (as light) from those stars and produced all of the more massive atoms from primordial hydrogen."},{"title":"PS1.C Nuclear Processes","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Nuclear processes, including fusion, fission, and radio-active decays of unstable nuclei, involve changes in nuclear binding energies. The total number of neutrons plus protons does not change in any nuclear process. Strong and weak nuclear interactions determine nuclear stability and processes. Normal stars cease producing light after having converted all of the material in their cores to carbon or, for more massive stars, to iron. Elements more massive than iron are formed by fusion processes but only in the extreme conditions of supernova explosions, which explains why they are relatively rare."},{"title":"PS2.A Forces and Motion","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Newton’s 2nd law (F=ma) and the conservation of momentum can be used to predict changes in the motion of macroscopic objects."},{"title":"PS2.C Stability & Instability in Physical Systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Systems often change in predictable ways; understanding the forces that drive the transformations and cycles within a system, as well as the forces imposed on the system from the outside, helps predict its behavior under a variety of conditions. When a system has a great number of component pieces, one may not be able to predict much about its precise future. For such systems (e.g., with very many colliding molecules), one can often predict average but not detailed properties and behaviors (e.g., average temperature, motion, and rates of chemical change but not the trajectories or other changes of particular molecules). Systems may evolve in unpredictable ways when the outcome depends sensitively on the starting condition and the starting condition cannot be specified precisely enough to distinguish between different possible outcomes."},{"title":"PS3.C Relationship between energy and forces","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"When two objects interact, each one exerts a force on the other, and these forces can transfer energy between them."},{"title":"PS3.D Energy in Chemical Process and Everyday Life","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Sunlight warms Earth’s surface."},{"title":"PS4.A Wave Properties","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The wavelength and frequency of a wave are related to one another by the speed of the wave, which depends on the type of wave and the medium through which it is passing. 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They see some changes are irreversible, and negative feedback can stabilize a system, while positive feedback can destabilize it. They recognize systems can be designed for greater or lesser stability"},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand much of science deals with constructing explanations of how things change and how they remain stable. They quantify and model changes in systems over very short or very long periods of time. They see some changes are irreversible, and negative feedback can stabilize a system, while positive feedback can destabilize it. They recognize systems can be designed for greater or lesser stability"}],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Feedback effects exist within and among Earth’s systems.The geological record shows that changes to global and regional climate can be caused by interactions among changes in the sun’s energy output or Earth’s orbit, tectonic events, ocean circulation, volcanic activity, glaciers, vegetation, and human activities."},{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Energy flows and matter cycles within and among Earth’s systems, including the sun and Earth’s interior as primary energy sources. Plate tectonics is one result of these processes."},{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Four major Earth systems interact. Rainfall helps to shape the land and affects the types of living things found in a region. 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Water movement causes weathering and erosion, changing landscape features."},{"title":"ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth's Processes","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The planet’s dynamics are greatly influenced by water’s unique chemical and physical properties."},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The role of radiation from the sun and its interactions with the atmosphere, ocean, and land are the foundation for the global climate system. Global climate models are used to predict future changes, including changes influenced by human behavior and natural factors"},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Complex interactions determine local weather patterns and influence climate, including the role of the ocean."},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Climate describes patterns of typical weather conditions over different scales and variations. Historical weather patterns can be analyzed so that they can make predictions about what kind of weather might happen next."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Global climate models used to predict changes continue to be improved, although discoveries about the global climate system are ongoing and continually needed."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Human activities affect global warming. Decisions to reduce the impact of global warming depend on understanding climate science, engineering capabilities, and social dynamics."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"If Earth’s global mean temperature continues to rise, the lives of humans and other organisms will be affected in many different ways."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The total energy within a system is conserved. Energy transfer within and between systems can be described and predicted in terms of energy associated with the motion or configuration of particles (objects)."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Kinetic energy can be distinguished from the various forms of potential energy. Energy changes to and from each type can be tracked through physical or chemical interactions. The relationship between the temperature and the total energy of a system depends on the types, states, and amounts of matter."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Moving objects contain energy. The faster the object moves, the more energy it has. Energy can be moved from place to place by moving objects, or through sound, light, or electrical currents. Energy can be converted from one form to another form."}],"sciEngPractices":[]},"gradeRange":[3,12]},{"id":678,"name":"Temperature Anomaly: Yearly - 500 - 2006 (Paleoclimate Evidence)","fullText":"temperature anomaly: yearly - 500 - 2006 (paleoclimate evidence) climate climate models coral ice cores paleoclimate proxy seafloor speleothems temperature tree rings climate change human impacts noaa's national centers for environmental information (ncei), center for weather and climate, world data service for paleoclimatology steve albers","dateAdded":"2017-11-27T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"temperature-anomaly-yearly-500-2006-paleoclimate-evidence","url":"/catalog/datasets/temperature-anomaly-yearly-500-2006-paleoclimate-evidence","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/atmosphere/pclim/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/atmosphere/pclim/playlist.sos","isRealtime":0,"startDate":"0500-12-31T00:00:00.000Z","endDate":"2006-12-31T00:00:00.000Z","hasAudio":false,"isNarratedMovie":0,"isSos":1,"isSosx":0,"variations":[],"themes":["Climate Change","Human Impacts"],"keywords":["Climate","Climate Models","Coral","Ice Cores","Paleoclimate","Proxy","Seafloor","Speleothems","Temperature","Tree Rings"],"categories":{"People":["History"],"Air":["Temperature Change","Weather"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[],"sciEngPractices":[]}},{"id":765,"name":"Temperature Observations and Instruments","fullText":"temperature observations and instruments buoy climate earth measurements observations oceans temperature climate change human impacts mark subbarao nasa scientific visualization studio mark subbarao nasa scientific visualization studio","dateAdded":"2024-07-30T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"temperature-observations-and-instruments","url":"/catalog/datasets/temperature-observations-and-instruments","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/atmosphere/temperature_observations_nasa/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/atmosphere/temperature_observations_nasa/playlist.sos","isRealtime":0,"startDate":null,"endDate":null,"hasAudio":false,"isNarratedMovie":0,"isSos":1,"isSosx":1,"variations":[],"themes":["Climate Change","Human Impacts"],"keywords":["Buoy","Climate","Earth","Measurements","Observations","Oceans","Temperature"],"categories":{"Water":["Temperature","Ocean Monitoring"],"Air":["Temperature","Weather"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[],"sciEngPractices":[]}},{"id":253,"name":"Tethys: Saturn's Moon","fullText":"tethys: saturn's moon astronomy crater moon saturn space tethys topography solar system paul schenk lunar and planetary institute paul schenk lunar and planetary institute","dateAdded":"2010-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"tethys-saturns-moon","url":"/catalog/datasets/tethys-saturns-moon","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/astronomy/tethys/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/astronomy/tethys/playlist.sos","isRealtime":0,"startDate":null,"endDate":null,"hasAudio":false,"isNarratedMovie":0,"isSos":1,"isSosx":0,"variations":[],"themes":["Solar System"],"keywords":["Astronomy","Crater","Moon","Saturn","Space","Tethys","Topography"],"categories":{"Space":["Moons"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[],"sciEngPractices":[]}},{"id":480,"name":"The Human Era: A World of Changes","fullText":"the human era: a world of changes co2 extras global warming human activity climate change human impacts science museum of minnesota ken stone ken stone media bob perkerwicz big bang studios","dateAdded":"2014-09-15T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"the-human-era-a-world-of-changes","url":"/catalog/datasets/the-human-era-a-world-of-changes","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/extras/human-era/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/extras/human-era/playlist.sos","isRealtime":0,"startDate":null,"endDate":null,"hasAudio":1,"isNarratedMovie":1,"isSos":1,"isSosx":1,"variations":[{"name":"The Human Era: A World of Changes (in Spanish)","hasAudio":0,"isTranslated":1,"playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/extras/human-era/playlist_spanish.sos"}],"themes":["Climate Change","Human Impacts"],"keywords":["CO2","Extras","Global Warming","Human Activity"],"categories":{"People":["Energy"],"Air":["Human Impact","Temperature Change"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[{"title":"C3 Scale Proportion and Quantity","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand the significance of a phenomenon is dependent on the scale, proportion, and quantity at which it occurs. They recognize patterns observable at one scale may not be observable or exist at other scales, and some systems can only be studied indirectly as they are too small, too large, too fast, or too slow to observe directly. Students use orders of magnitude to understand how a model at one scale relates to a model at another scale. They use algebraic thinking to examine scientific data and predict the effect of a change in one variable on another (e.g., linear growth vs. exponential growth)."},{"title":"C3 Scale Proportion and Quantity","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students observe time, space, and energy phenomena at various scales using models to study systems that are too large or too small. They understand phenomena observed at one scale may not be observable at another scale, and the function of natural and designed systems may change with scale. They use proportional relationships (e.g., speed as the ratio of distance traveled to time taken) to gather information about the magnitude of properties and processes. They represent scientific relationships through the use of algebraic expressions and equations"},{"title":"C3 Scale Proportion and Quantity","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students recognize natural objects and observable phenomena exist from the very small to the immensely large. They use standard units to measure and describe physical quantities such as weight, time, temperature, and volume."},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students can investigate or analyze a system by defining its boundaries and initial conditions, as well as its inputs and outputs. They can use models (e.g., physical, mathematical, computer models) to simulate the flow of energy, matter, and interactions within and between systems at different scales. They can also use models and simulations to predict the behavior of a system, and recognize that these predictions have limited precision and reliability due to the assumptions and approximations inherent in the models. They can also design systems to do specific tasks."},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students can understand that systems may interact with other systems; they may have sub-systems and be a part of larger complex systems. They can use models to represent systems and their interactions—such as inputs, processes and outputs—and energy, matter, and information flows within systems. They can also learn that models are limited in that they only represent certain aspects of the system under study."},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students understand that a system is a group of related parts that make up a whole and can carry out functions its individual parts cannot. They can also describe a system in terms of its components and their interactions."}],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Feedback effects exist within and among Earth’s systems.The geological record shows that changes to global and regional climate can be caused by interactions among changes in the sun’s energy output or Earth’s orbit, tectonic events, ocean circulation, volcanic activity, glaciers, vegetation, and human activities."},{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Energy flows and matter cycles within and among Earth’s systems, including the sun and Earth’s interior as primary energy sources. Plate tectonics is one result of these processes."},{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Four major Earth systems interact. Rainfall helps to shape the land and affects the types of living things found in a region. Water, ice, wind, organisms, and gravity break rocks, soils, and sediments into smaller pieces and move them around"},{"title":"ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth's Processes","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Most of Earth’s water is in the ocean and much of the Earth’s fresh water is in glaciers or underground."},{"title":"ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth's Processes","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Water cycles among land, ocean, and atmosphere, and is propelled by sunlight and gravity. Density variations of sea water drive interconnected ocean currents. Water movement causes weathering and erosion, changing landscape features."},{"title":"ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth's Processes","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The planet’s dynamics are greatly influenced by water’s unique chemical and physical properties."},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The role of radiation from the sun and its interactions with the atmosphere, ocean, and land are the foundation for the global climate system. Global climate models are used to predict future changes, including changes influenced by human behavior and natural factors"},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Complex interactions determine local weather patterns and influence climate, including the role of the ocean."},{"title":"ESS3.A Natural Resources","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Resource availability has guided the development of human society and use of natural resources has associated costs, risks, and\r\nbenefits."},{"title":"ESS3.A Natural Resources","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Humans depend on Earth’s land, ocean, atmosphere, and biosphere for different resources, many of which are limited or not renewable. Resources are distributed unevenly around the planet as a result of past geologic processes"},{"title":"ESS3.A Natural Resources","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Energy and fuels humans use are derived from natural sources and their use affects the environment. Some resources are renewable over time, others are not."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Sustainability of human societies and the biodiversity that supports them requires responsible management of natural resources, including the development of technologies that produce less pollution and waste and that preclude ecosystem degradation."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Human activities have altered the biosphere, sometimes damaging it, although changes to environments can have different impacts for different living things. Activities and technologies can be engineered to reduce people’s impacts on Earth."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Societal activities have had major effects on the land, ocean, atmosphere, and even outer space. Societal activities can also help protect Earth’s resources and environments."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Global climate models used to predict changes continue to be improved, although discoveries about the global climate system are ongoing and continually needed."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Human activities affect global warming. Decisions to reduce the impact of global warming depend on understanding climate science, engineering capabilities, and social dynamics."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"If Earth’s global mean temperature continues to rise, the lives of humans and other organisms will be affected in many different ways."},{"title":"LS4.D Biodiversity & Humans","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Populations of organisms live in a variety of habitats. Change in those habitats affects the organisms living there"},{"title":"PS1.B Chemical Reactions","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Chemical reactions that occur when substances are mixed can be identified by the emergence of substances with different properties; the total mass remains the same."},{"title":"PS1.B Chemical Reactions","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Reacting substances rearrange to form different molecules, but the number of atoms is conserved. Some reactions release energy and others absorb energy."},{"title":"PS1.B Chemical Reactions","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Chemical processes are understood in terms of collisions of molecules, rearrangement of atoms, and changes in energy as determined by properties of elements involved."}],"sciEngPractices":[]},"gradeRange":[3,12]},{"id":387,"name":"The Next Step","fullText":"the next step asteroid exploration extras mars moon space solar system nasa / goddard space flight center (gsfc) nasa / goddard space flight center (gsfc) nasa / goddard space flight center (gsfc)","dateAdded":"2013-04-23T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"the-next-step","url":"/catalog/datasets/the-next-step","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/extras/next_step/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/extras/next_step/playlist.sos","isRealtime":0,"startDate":null,"endDate":null,"hasAudio":1,"isNarratedMovie":1,"isSos":1,"isSosx":1,"variations":[],"themes":["Solar System"],"keywords":["Asteroid","Exploration","Extras","Mars","Moon","Space"],"categories":{"Space":["Exploration"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[{"title":"C3 Scale Proportion and Quantity","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students recognize natural objects and observable phenomena exist from the very small to the immensely large. They use standard units to measure and describe physical quantities such as weight, time, temperature, and volume."},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students can investigate or analyze a system by defining its boundaries and initial conditions, as well as its inputs and outputs. They can use models (e.g., physical, mathematical, computer models) to simulate the flow of energy, matter, and interactions within and between systems at different scales. They can also use models and simulations to predict the behavior of a system, and recognize that these predictions have limited precision and reliability due to the assumptions and approximations inherent in the models. They can also design systems to do specific tasks."},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students can understand that systems may interact with other systems; they may have sub-systems and be a part of larger complex systems. They can use models to represent systems and their interactions—such as inputs, processes and outputs—and energy, matter, and information flows within systems. They can also learn that models are limited in that they only represent certain aspects of the system under study."},{"title":"C5 Energy and Matter","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students learn that the total amount of energy and matter in closed systems is conserved. They can describe changes of energy and matter in a system in terms of energy and matter flows into, out of, and within that system. They also learn that energy cannot be created or destroyed. It only moves between one place and another place, between objects and/or fields, or between systems. Energy drives the cycling of matter within and between systems. In nuclear processes, atoms are not conserved, but the total number of protons plus neutrons is conserved."},{"title":"C5 Energy and Matter","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students learn matter is conserved because atoms are conserved in physical and chemical processes. They also learn within a natural or designed system, the transfer of energy drives the motion and/or cycling of matter. Energy may take different forms (e.g. energy in fields, thermal energy, energy of motion). The transfer of energy can be tracked as energy flows through a designed or natural system."}],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[{"title":"ESS1.A The Universe and its Stars","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Stars range greatly in size and distance from Earth and this can explain their relative brightness."},{"title":"ESS1.A The Universe and its Stars","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The sun is just one of more than 200 billion stars in the Milky Way galaxy, and the Milky Way is just one of hundreds of billions of galaxies in the universe. The study of stars’ light spectra and brightness is used to identify compositional elements of stars, their movements, and their distances from Earth."},{"title":"ESS1.A The Universe and its Stars","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"The universe began with a period of extreme and rapid expansion known as the Big Bang. Earth and its solar system are part of the Milky Way galaxy, which is one of many galaxies in the universe."},{"title":"ESS1.B Earth and the Solar System","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Kepler’s laws describe common features of the motions of orbiting objects. Observations from astronomy and space probes provide evidence for explanations of solar system formation. Changes in Earth’s tilt and orbit cause climate changes such as Ice Ages"},{"title":"ESS1.B Earth and the Solar System","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"The solar system contains many varied objects held together by gravity. Solar system models explain and predict eclipses, tides, lunar phases, and seasons."},{"title":"ESS1.B Earth and the Solar System","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"The Earth’s orbit and rotation, and the orbit of the moon around the Earth cause observable patterns."},{"title":"PS2.A Forces and Motion","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"The effect of unbalanced forces on an object results in a change of motion. Patterns of motion can be used to predict future motion. Some forces act through contact, some forces act even when the objects are not in contact. The gravitational force of Earth acting on an object near Earth’s surface pulls that object toward the planet’s center"},{"title":"PS2.B Types of Interactions","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Forces that act at a distance involve fields that can be mapped by their relative strength and effect on an object."},{"title":"PS2.B Types of Interactions","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Forces at a distance are explained by fields that can transfer energy and can be described in terms of the arrangement and properties of the interacting objects and the distance between them. These forces can be used to describe the relationship between electrical and magnetic fields."},{"title":"PS3.C Relationship between energy and forces","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Fields contain energy that depends on the arrangement of the objects in the field."},{"title":"PS3.C Relationship between energy and forces","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"When two objects interact, each one exerts a force on the other, and these forces can transfer energy between them."}],"sciEngPractices":[]},"gradeRange":[3,12]},{"id":626,"name":"The Only Thing that is Constant is Change","fullText":"the only thing that is constant is change adaption change conservation earth ecosystem extinction extras global change globalization human activity steward climate change human impacts aquarium of the pacific aquarium of the pacific","dateAdded":"2016-10-03T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"the-only-thing-that-is-constant-is-change","url":"/catalog/datasets/the-only-thing-that-is-constant-is-change","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/extras/aop_change/media/thumbnail_big.jpg\t","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/extras/aop_change/playlist.sos","isRealtime":0,"startDate":null,"endDate":null,"hasAudio":false,"isNarratedMovie":1,"isSos":1,"isSosx":0,"variations":[],"themes":["Climate Change","Human Impacts"],"keywords":["Adaption","Change","Conservation","Earth","Ecosystem","Extinction","Extras","Global Change","Globalization","Human Activity","Steward"],"categories":{"People":["History"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[],"sciEngPractices":[]}},{"id":557,"name":"The Story of El Nino","fullText":"the story of el nino atmosphere climate drought enso el nino extras la nina ocean temperature oceans pacific ssta sea surface temperature anomoly weather wind aquarium of the pacific aquarium of the pacific","dateAdded":"2015-04-17T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"the-story-of-el-nino","url":"/catalog/datasets/the-story-of-el-nino","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/extras/elnino_aop/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/extras/elnino_aop/playlist.sos","isRealtime":0,"startDate":null,"endDate":null,"hasAudio":1,"isNarratedMovie":1,"isSos":1,"isSosx":1,"variations":[],"themes":[],"keywords":["Atmosphere","Climate","Drought","ENSO","El Nino","Extras","La Nina","Ocean Temperature","Oceans","Pacific","SSTA","Sea Surface Temperature Anomoly","Weather","Wind"],"categories":{"Water":["Temperature","El Nino"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[{"title":"C1 Patterns","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students observe patterns in systems at different scales and cite patterns as empirical evidence for causality in supporting their explanations of phenomena. 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The transfer of energy can be tracked as energy flows through a designed or natural system."},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand much of science deals with constructing explanations of how things change and how they remain stable. They quantify and model changes in systems over very short or very long periods of time. They see some changes are irreversible, and negative feedback can stabilize a system, while positive feedback can destabilize it. They recognize systems can be designed for greater or lesser stability"},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students explain stability and change in natural or designed systems by examining changes over time, and considering forces at different scales, including the atomic scale. 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Plate tectonics is one result of these processes."},{"title":"ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth's Processes","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Water cycles among land, ocean, and atmosphere, and is propelled by sunlight and gravity. Density variations of sea water drive interconnected ocean currents. Water movement causes weathering and erosion, changing landscape features."},{"title":"ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth's Processes","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The planet’s dynamics are greatly influenced by water’s unique chemical and physical properties."},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The role of radiation from the sun and its interactions with the atmosphere, ocean, and land are the foundation for the global climate system. 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Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are key components of the global carbon cycle."},{"title":"LS2.B Cycles of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"The atoms that make up the organisms in an ecosystem are cycled repeatedly between the living and nonliving parts of the ecosystem. Food webs model how matter and energy are transferred among producers, consumers, and decomposers as the three groups interact within an ecosystem."},{"title":"PS2.C Stability & Instability in Physical Systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Systems often change in predictable ways; understanding the forces that drive the transformations and cycles within a system, as well as the forces imposed on the system from the outside, helps predict its behavior under a variety of conditions. When a system has a great number of component pieces, one may not be able to predict much about its precise future. For such systems (e.g., with very many colliding molecules), one can often predict average but not detailed properties and behaviors (e.g., average temperature, motion, and rates of chemical change but not the trajectories or other changes of particular molecules). Systems may evolve in unpredictable ways when the outcome depends sensitively on the starting condition and the starting condition cannot be specified precisely enough to distinguish between different possible outcomes."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The total energy within a system is conserved. Energy transfer within and between systems can be described and predicted in terms of energy associated with the motion or configuration of particles (objects)."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Kinetic energy can be distinguished from the various forms of potential energy. 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Water movement causes weathering and erosion, changing landscape features."},{"title":"ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth's Processes","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The planet’s dynamics are greatly influenced by water’s unique chemical and physical properties."},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The role of radiation from the sun and its interactions with the atmosphere, ocean, and land are the foundation for the global climate system. 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Some resources are renewable over time, others are not."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Sustainability of human societies and the biodiversity that supports them requires responsible management of natural resources, including the development of technologies that produce less pollution and waste and that preclude ecosystem degradation."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Human activities have altered the biosphere, sometimes damaging it, although changes to environments can have different impacts for different living things. Activities and technologies can be engineered to reduce people’s impacts on Earth."},{"title":"ESS3.C Human Impact on Earth systems","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Societal activities have had major effects on the land, ocean, atmosphere, and even outer space. Societal activities can also help protect Earth’s resources and environments."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Global climate models used to predict changes continue to be improved, although discoveries about the global climate system are ongoing and continually needed."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Human activities affect global warming. Decisions to reduce the impact of global warming depend on understanding climate science, engineering capabilities, and social dynamics."},{"title":"ESS3.D Global Climate Change","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"If Earth’s global mean temperature continues to rise, the lives of humans and other organisms will be affected in many different ways."},{"title":"LS2.A Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"The food of almost any animal can be traced back to plants. Organisms are related in food webs in which some animals eat plants for food and other animals eat the animals that eat plants, while decomposers restore some materials back to the soil."},{"title":"LS2.A Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Organisms and populations are dependent on their environmental interactions both with other living things and with nonliving factors, any of which can limit their growth. Competitive, predatory, and mutually beneficial interactions vary across ecosystems but the patterns are shared."},{"title":"LS2.A Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Ecosystems have carrying capacities resulting from biotic and abiotic factors. The fundamental tension between resource availability and organism populations affects the abundance of species in any given ecosystem."},{"title":"LS2.C Ecosystem Dynamics, Functioning and Resilience","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"If a biological or physical disturbance to an ecosystem occurs, including one induced by human activity, the ecosystem may return to its more or less original state or become a very different ecosystem, depending on the complex set of interactions within the ecosystem"},{"title":"LS2.C Ecosystem Dynamics, Functioning and Resilience","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"When the environment changes some organisms survive and reproduce, some move to new locations, some move into the transformed environment, and some die."}],"sciEngPractices":[]},"gradeRange":[3,12]},{"id":403,"name":"Time zones","fullText":"time zones overlays time zones scott muller 21hsystems","dateAdded":"2013-05-06T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"time-zones","url":"/catalog/datasets/time-zones","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/overlays/timezones/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/overlays/timezones/playlist.sos","isRealtime":0,"startDate":null,"endDate":null,"hasAudio":false,"isNarratedMovie":0,"isSos":1,"isSosx":0,"variations":[],"themes":[],"keywords":["Overlays","Time Zones"],"categories":{"Extras":["Overlays"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[],"sciEngPractices":[]}},{"id":629,"name":"Titan Tours","fullText":"titan tours exploration jupiter moon planet saturn space titan solar system nasa / goddard space flight center (gsfc) nasa / goddard space flight center (gsfc)","dateAdded":"2016-10-24T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"titan-tours","url":"/catalog/datasets/titan-tours","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/extras/titan_tours/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/extras/titan_tours/playlist.sos","isRealtime":0,"startDate":null,"endDate":null,"hasAudio":1,"isNarratedMovie":1,"isSos":1,"isSosx":0,"variations":[],"themes":["Solar System"],"keywords":["Exploration","Jupiter","Moon","Planet","Saturn","Space","Titan"],"categories":{"Space":["Moons","Exploration"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[],"sciEngPractices":[]}},{"id":257,"name":"Titan: Saturn's Moon (black and white)","fullText":"titan: saturn's moon (black and white) astronomy moon saturn space titan solar system cassini imaging team steve albers","dateAdded":"2010-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"titan-saturns-moon-black-and-white","url":"/catalog/datasets/titan-saturns-moon-black-and-white","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/astronomy/titan/black_white/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/astronomy/titan/black_white/playlist.sos","isRealtime":0,"startDate":null,"endDate":null,"hasAudio":false,"isNarratedMovie":0,"isSos":1,"isSosx":0,"variations":[],"themes":["Solar System"],"keywords":["Astronomy","Moon","Saturn","Space","Titan"],"categories":{"Space":["Moons"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[],"sciEngPractices":[]}},{"id":256,"name":"Titan: Saturn's Moon (colorized)","fullText":"titan: saturn's moon (colorized) astronomy moon saturn space titan solar system francesco maio steve albers","dateAdded":"2010-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"titan-saturns-moon-colorized","url":"/catalog/datasets/titan-saturns-moon-colorized","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/astronomy/titan/color/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/astronomy/titan/color/playlist.sos","isRealtime":0,"startDate":null,"endDate":null,"hasAudio":false,"isNarratedMovie":0,"isSos":1,"isSosx":1,"variations":[],"themes":["Solar System"],"keywords":["Astronomy","Moon","Saturn","Space","Titan"],"categories":{"Space":["Moons"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[{"title":"C2 Cause and Effect","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand that empirical evidence is required to differentiate between cause and correlation and to make claims about specific causes and effects. 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The study of stars’ light spectra and brightness is used to identify compositional elements of stars, their movements, and their distances from Earth."},{"title":"ESS1.A The Universe and its Stars","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"The universe began with a period of extreme and rapid expansion known as the Big Bang. Earth and its solar system are part of the Milky Way galaxy, which is one of many galaxies in the universe."},{"title":"ESS1.B Earth and the Solar System","gradeRange":[0,2],"description":"Patterns of movement of the sun, moon, and stars as seen from Earth can be observed, described, and predicted"},{"title":"ESS1.B Earth and the Solar System","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Kepler’s laws describe common features of the motions of orbiting objects. Observations from astronomy and space probes provide evidence for explanations of solar system formation. 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Energy transfer within and between systems can be described and predicted in terms of energy associated with the motion or configuration of particles (objects)."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Kinetic energy can be distinguished from the various forms of potential energy. Energy changes to and from each type can be tracked through physical or chemical interactions. The relationship between the temperature and the total energy of a system depends on the types, states, and amounts of matter."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Moving objects contain energy. The faster the object moves, the more energy it has. Energy can be moved from place to place by moving objects, or through sound, light, or electrical currents. 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Water movement causes weathering and erosion, changing landscape features."},{"title":"ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth's Processes","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The planet’s dynamics are greatly influenced by water’s unique chemical and physical properties."},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The role of radiation from the sun and its interactions with the atmosphere, ocean, and land are the foundation for the global climate system. Global climate models are used to predict future changes, including changes influenced by human behavior and natural factors"},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Complex interactions determine local weather patterns and influence climate, including the role of the ocean."},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Climate describes patterns of typical weather conditions over different scales and variations. Historical weather patterns can be analyzed so that they can make predictions about what kind of weather might happen next."},{"title":"ESS2.E Biogeology","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Living things can affect the physical characteristics of their environment."},{"title":"LS1.C Organization for Energy Flow and Matter in Organisms","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The hydrocarbon backbones of sugars produced through photosynthesis are used to make amino acids and other molecules that can be assembled into proteins or DNA. Through cellular respiration, matter and energy flow through different organizational levels of an organism as elements are recombined to form different products and transfer energy."},{"title":"LS1.C Organization for Energy Flow and Matter in Organisms","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Plants use the energy from light to make sugars through photosynthesis. 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Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are key components of the global carbon cycle."},{"title":"LS2.B Cycles of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"The atoms that make up the organisms in an ecosystem are cycled repeatedly between the living and nonliving parts of the ecosystem. Food webs model how matter and energy are transferred among producers, consumers, and decomposers as the three groups interact within an ecosystem."},{"title":"LS2.B Cycles of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Matter cycles between the air and soil and among organisms as they live and die."},{"title":"PS3.D Energy in Chemical Process and Everyday Life","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Photosynthesis is the primary biological means of capturing radiation from the sun; energy cannot be destroyed, it can be converted to less useful forms."},{"title":"PS3.D Energy in Chemical Process and Everyday Life","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Sunlight is captured by plants and used in a reaction to produce sugar molecules, which can be reversed by burning those molecules to release energy"},{"title":"PS3.D Energy in Chemical Process and Everyday Life","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Energy can be “produced,” “used,” or “released” by converting stored energy. 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They identify patterns related to time, including simple rates of change and cycles, and to use these patterns to make predictions."},{"title":"C3 Scale Proportion and Quantity","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students recognize natural objects and observable phenomena exist from the very small to the immensely large. They use standard units to measure and describe physical quantities such as weight, time, temperature, and volume."},{"title":"C3 Scale Proportion and Quantity","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students observe time, space, and energy phenomena at various scales using models to study systems that are too large or too small. They understand phenomena observed at one scale may not be observable at another scale, and the function of natural and designed systems may change with scale. They use proportional relationships (e.g., speed as the ratio of distance traveled to time taken) to gather information about the magnitude of properties and processes. They represent scientific relationships through the use of algebraic expressions and equations"},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students understand that a system is a group of related parts that make up a whole and can carry out functions its individual parts cannot. They can also describe a system in terms of its components and their interactions."},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students can understand that systems may interact with other systems; they may have sub-systems and be a part of larger complex systems. They can use models to represent systems and their interactions—such as inputs, processes and outputs—and energy, matter, and information flows within systems. They can also learn that models are limited in that they only represent certain aspects of the system under study."},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students can investigate or analyze a system by defining its boundaries and initial conditions, as well as its inputs and outputs. They can use models (e.g., physical, mathematical, computer models) to simulate the flow of energy, matter, and interactions within and between systems at different scales. They can also use models and simulations to predict the behavior of a system, and recognize that these predictions have limited precision and reliability due to the assumptions and approximations inherent in the models. They can also design systems to do specific tasks."},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students measure change in terms of differences over time, and observe that change may occur at different rates. Students learn some systems appear stable, but over long periods of time they will eventually change."},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students explain stability and change in natural or designed systems by examining changes over time, and considering forces at different scales, including the atomic scale. Students learn changes in one part of a system might cause large changes in another part, systems in dynamic equilibrium are stable due to a balance of feedback mechanisms, and stability might be disturbed by either sudden events or gradual changes that accumulate over time"},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand much of science deals with constructing explanations of how things change and how they remain stable. They quantify and model changes in systems over very short or very long periods of time. They see some changes are irreversible, and negative feedback can stabilize a system, while positive feedback can destabilize it. They recognize systems can be designed for greater or lesser stability"}],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[{"title":"ESS1.B Earth and the Solar System","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Kepler’s laws describe common features of the motions of orbiting objects. Observations from astronomy and space probes provide evidence for explanations of solar system formation. Changes in Earth’s tilt and orbit cause climate changes such as Ice Ages"},{"title":"ESS1.B Earth and the Solar System","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"The solar system contains many varied objects held together by gravity. Solar system models explain and predict eclipses, tides, lunar phases, and seasons."},{"title":"ESS1.B Earth and the Solar System","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"The Earth’s orbit and rotation, and the orbit of the moon around the Earth cause observable patterns."},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The role of radiation from the sun and its interactions with the atmosphere, ocean, and land are the foundation for the global climate system. Global climate models are used to predict future changes, including changes influenced by human behavior and natural factors"},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Complex interactions determine local weather patterns and influence climate, including the role of the ocean."},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Climate describes patterns of typical weather conditions over different scales and variations. Historical weather patterns can be analyzed so that they can make predictions about what kind of weather might happen next."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Natural hazards and other geological events have shaped the course of human history at local, regional, and global scales. Human activities can contribute to the frequency and intensity of some natural hazards."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Mapping the history of natural hazards in a region and understanding related geological forces can help forecast the locations and likelihoods of future events, such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and severe weather."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"A variety of hazards result from natural processes; humans cannot eliminate hazards but can reduce their impacts."},{"title":"PS1.A Structure of Matter","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"The fact that matter is composed of atoms and molecules can be used to explain the properties of substances, diversity of materials, states of matter, phase changes, and conservation of matter."},{"title":"PS2.A Forces and Motion","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Newton’s 2nd law (F=ma) and the conservation of momentum can be used to predict changes in the motion of macroscopic objects."},{"title":"PS2.A Forces and Motion","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"The role of the mass of an object must be qualitatively accounted for in any change of motion due to the application of a force."},{"title":"PS2.A Forces and Motion","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"The effect of unbalanced forces on an object results in a change of motion. Patterns of motion can be used to predict future motion. Some forces act through contact, some forces act even when the objects are not in contact. The gravitational force of Earth acting on an object near Earth’s surface pulls that object toward the planet’s center"},{"title":"PS2.C Stability & Instability in Physical Systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Systems often change in predictable ways; understanding the forces that drive the transformations and cycles within a system, as well as the forces imposed on the system from the outside, helps predict its behavior under a variety of conditions. When a system has a great number of component pieces, one may not be able to predict much about its precise future. For such systems (e.g., with very many colliding molecules), one can often predict average but not detailed properties and behaviors (e.g., average temperature, motion, and rates of chemical change but not the trajectories or other changes of particular molecules). Systems may evolve in unpredictable ways when the outcome depends sensitively on the starting condition and the starting condition cannot be specified precisely enough to distinguish between different possible outcomes."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The total energy within a system is conserved. Energy transfer within and between systems can be described and predicted in terms of energy associated with the motion or configuration of particles (objects)."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Kinetic energy can be distinguished from the various forms of potential energy. Energy changes to and from each type can be tracked through physical or chemical interactions. The relationship between the temperature and the total energy of a system depends on the types, states, and amounts of matter."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Moving objects contain energy. The faster the object moves, the more energy it has. Energy can be moved from place to place by moving objects, or through sound, light, or electrical currents. Energy can be converted from one form to another form."},{"title":"PS3.C Relationship between energy and forces","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"When two objects interact, each one exerts a force on the other, and these forces can transfer energy between them."},{"title":"PS4.A Wave Properties","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The wavelength and frequency of a wave are related to one another by the speed of the wave, which depends on the type of wave and the medium through which it is passing. Waves can be used to transmit information and energy."},{"title":"PS4.B Electromagnetic Radiation","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Both an electromagnetic wave model and a photon model explain features of electromagnetic radiation broadly and describe common applications of electromagnetic radiation."},{"title":"PS4.C Information Technologies and Instrumentation","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Large amounts of information can be stored and shipped around as a result of being digitized."},{"title":"PS4.C Information Technologies and Instrumentation","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Waves can be used to transmit digital information. Digitized information is comprised of a pattern of 1s and 0s."},{"title":"PS4.C Information Technologies and Instrumentation","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Patterns can encode, send, receive and decode information."}],"sciEngPractices":[]},"gradeRange":[3,12]},{"id":343,"name":"Wikipedia: Global Connections - 1800 - 2012","fullText":"wikipedia: global connections - 1800 - 2012 cities communication computing connections globalization history technology wikipedia kalev leetaru kalev leetaru kalev leetaru graphviz","dateAdded":"2012-07-01T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"wikipedia-global-connections-1800-2012","url":"/catalog/datasets/wikipedia-global-connections-1800-2012","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/extras/wikipedia/intensity/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/extras/wikipedia/intensity/playlist.sos","isRealtime":0,"startDate":"1800-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","endDate":"2012-12-31T00:00:00.000Z","hasAudio":false,"isNarratedMovie":0,"isSos":1,"isSosx":0,"variations":[],"themes":[],"keywords":["Cities","Communication","Computing","Connections","Globalization","History","Technology","Wikipedia"],"categories":{"People":["History","Communication"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[],"sciEngPractices":[]}},{"id":342,"name":"Wikipedia: Tone - 1800 - 2012","fullText":"wikipedia: tone - 1800 - 2012 cities communication computing connections globalization history technology wikipedia kalev leetaru kalev leetaru kalev leetaru graphviz","dateAdded":"2012-07-01T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"wikipedia-tone-1800-2012","url":"/catalog/datasets/wikipedia-tone-1800-2012","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/extras/wikipedia/tone/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/extras/wikipedia/tone/playlist.sos","isRealtime":0,"startDate":"1800-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","endDate":"2012-12-31T00:00:00.000Z","hasAudio":false,"isNarratedMovie":0,"isSos":1,"isSosx":0,"variations":[],"themes":[],"keywords":["Cities","Communication","Computing","Connections","Globalization","History","Technology","Wikipedia"],"categories":{"People":["History","Communication"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[],"sciEngPractices":[]}},{"id":371,"name":"Winds: GEOS-5 Model","fullText":"winds: geos-5 model atmosphere climate general circulation jet stream weather weather model wind nasa / goddard space flight center (gsfc) nasa / goddard space flight center (gsfc)","dateAdded":"2012-12-07T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"winds-geos-5-model","url":"/catalog/datasets/winds-geos-5-model","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/atmosphere/nccs_models/winds/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/atmosphere/nccs_models/winds/playlist.sos","isRealtime":0,"startDate":"2006-09-01T00:00:00.000Z","endDate":"2007-04-10T00:00:00.000Z","hasAudio":false,"isNarratedMovie":0,"isSos":1,"isSosx":1,"variations":[],"themes":[],"keywords":["Atmosphere","Climate","General Circulation","Jet Stream","Weather","Weather Model","Wind"],"categories":{"Air":["Weather"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[{"title":"C1 Patterns","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students observe patterns in systems at different scales and cite patterns as empirical evidence for causality in supporting their explanations of phenomena. They recognize classifications or explanations used at one scale may not be useful or need revision using a different scale; thus requiring improved investigations and experiments. They use mathematical representations to identify certain patterns and analyze patterns of performance in order to re-engineer and improve a designed system."},{"title":"C1 Patterns","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students recognize that macroscopic patterns are related to the nature of microscopic and atomic-level structure. They identify patterns in rates of change and other numerical relationships that provide information about natural and human designed systems. They use patterns to identify cause and effect relationships, and use graphs and charts to identify patterns in data."},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students understand that a system is a group of related parts that make up a whole and can carry out functions its individual parts cannot. They can also describe a system in terms of its components and their interactions."},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students can understand that systems may interact with other systems; they may have sub-systems and be a part of larger complex systems. They can use models to represent systems and their interactions—such as inputs, processes and outputs—and energy, matter, and information flows within systems. They can also learn that models are limited in that they only represent certain aspects of the system under study."},{"title":"C4 Systems and System Models","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students can investigate or analyze a system by defining its boundaries and initial conditions, as well as its inputs and outputs. They can use models (e.g., physical, mathematical, computer models) to simulate the flow of energy, matter, and interactions within and between systems at different scales. They can also use models and simulations to predict the behavior of a system, and recognize that these predictions have limited precision and reliability due to the assumptions and approximations inherent in the models. They can also design systems to do specific tasks."},{"title":"C5 Energy and Matter","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Students learn matter is made of particles and energy can be transferred in various ways and between objects. Students observe the conservation of matter by tracking matter flows and cycles before and after processes and recognizing the total weight of substances does not change."},{"title":"C5 Energy and Matter","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students learn matter is conserved because atoms are conserved in physical and chemical processes. They also learn within a natural or designed system, the transfer of energy drives the motion and/or cycling of matter. Energy may take different forms (e.g. energy in fields, thermal energy, energy of motion). The transfer of energy can be tracked as energy flows through a designed or natural system."},{"title":"C5 Energy and Matter","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students learn that the total amount of energy and matter in closed systems is conserved. They can describe changes of energy and matter in a system in terms of energy and matter flows into, out of, and within that system. They also learn that energy cannot be created or destroyed. It only moves between one place and another place, between objects and/or fields, or between systems. Energy drives the cycling of matter within and between systems. In nuclear processes, atoms are not conserved, but the total number of protons plus neutrons is conserved."},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Students explain stability and change in natural or designed systems by examining changes over time, and considering forces at different scales, including the atomic scale. Students learn changes in one part of a system might cause large changes in another part, systems in dynamic equilibrium are stable due to a balance of feedback mechanisms, and stability might be disturbed by either sudden events or gradual changes that accumulate over time"},{"title":"C7 Stability and Change","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Students understand much of science deals with constructing explanations of how things change and how they remain stable. They quantify and model changes in systems over very short or very long periods of time. They see some changes are irreversible, and negative feedback can stabilize a system, while positive feedback can destabilize it. They recognize systems can be designed for greater or lesser stability"}],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Feedback effects exist within and among Earth’s systems.The geological record shows that changes to global and regional climate can be caused by interactions among changes in the sun’s energy output or Earth’s orbit, tectonic events, ocean circulation, volcanic activity, glaciers, vegetation, and human activities."},{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Energy flows and matter cycles within and among Earth’s systems, including the sun and Earth’s interior as primary energy sources. Plate tectonics is one result of these processes."},{"title":"ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Four major Earth systems interact. Rainfall helps to shape the land and affects the types of living things found in a region. Water, ice, wind, organisms, and gravity break rocks, soils, and sediments into smaller pieces and move them around"},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The role of radiation from the sun and its interactions with the atmosphere, ocean, and land are the foundation for the global climate system. Global climate models are used to predict future changes, including changes influenced by human behavior and natural factors"},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Complex interactions determine local weather patterns and influence climate, including the role of the ocean."},{"title":"ESS2.D Weather & Climate","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Climate describes patterns of typical weather conditions over different scales and variations. Historical weather patterns can be analyzed so that they can make predictions about what kind of weather might happen next."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Natural hazards and other geological events have shaped the course of human history at local, regional, and global scales. Human activities can contribute to the frequency and intensity of some natural hazards."},{"title":"ESS3.B Natural Hazards","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Mapping the history of natural hazards in a region and understanding related geological forces can help forecast the locations and likelihoods of future events, such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and severe weather."},{"title":"PS1.A Structure of Matter","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"The fact that matter is composed of atoms and molecules can be used to explain the properties of substances, diversity of materials, states of matter, phase changes, and conservation of matter."},{"title":"PS2.A Forces and Motion","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"The role of the mass of an object must be qualitatively accounted for in any change of motion due to the application of a force."},{"title":"PS2.A Forces and Motion","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"The effect of unbalanced forces on an object results in a change of motion. Patterns of motion can be used to predict future motion. Some forces act through contact, some forces act even when the objects are not in contact. The gravitational force of Earth acting on an object near Earth’s surface pulls that object toward the planet’s center"},{"title":"PS2.B Types of Interactions","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Forces at a distance are explained by fields that can transfer energy and can be described in terms of the arrangement and properties of the interacting objects and the distance between them. These forces can be used to describe the relationship between electrical and magnetic fields."},{"title":"PS2.C Stability & Instability in Physical Systems","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"Systems often change in predictable ways; understanding the forces that drive the transformations and cycles within a system, as well as the forces imposed on the system from the outside, helps predict its behavior under a variety of conditions. When a system has a great number of component pieces, one may not be able to predict much about its precise future. For such systems (e.g., with very many colliding molecules), one can often predict average but not detailed properties and behaviors (e.g., average temperature, motion, and rates of chemical change but not the trajectories or other changes of particular molecules). Systems may evolve in unpredictable ways when the outcome depends sensitively on the starting condition and the starting condition cannot be specified precisely enough to distinguish between different possible outcomes."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[9,12],"description":"The total energy within a system is conserved. Energy transfer within and between systems can be described and predicted in terms of energy associated with the motion or configuration of particles (objects)."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"Kinetic energy can be distinguished from the various forms of potential energy. Energy changes to and from each type can be tracked through physical or chemical interactions. The relationship between the temperature and the total energy of a system depends on the types, states, and amounts of matter."},{"title":"PS3.A Definitions of Energy","gradeRange":[3,5],"description":"Moving objects contain energy. The faster the object moves, the more energy it has. Energy can be moved from place to place by moving objects, or through sound, light, or electrical currents. Energy can be converted from one form to another form."},{"title":"PS3.C Relationship between energy and forces","gradeRange":[6,8],"description":"When two objects interact, each one exerts a force on the other, and these forces can transfer energy between them."}],"sciEngPractices":[]},"gradeRange":[3,12]},{"id":693,"name":"World Population Movie","fullText":"world population movie history human society natural resources population population density population growth human impacts pamela wasserman, senior vp for education population connection population connection pixeldust studios","dateAdded":"2019-02-07T00:00:00.000Z","slug":"world-population-movie","url":"/catalog/datasets/world-population-movie","thumbnailBig":"/ftp_mirror/extras/population_movie/media/thumbnail_big.jpg","playlistPath":"/shared/sos/media/extras/population_movie/playlist.sos","isRealtime":0,"startDate":null,"endDate":null,"hasAudio":1,"isNarratedMovie":1,"isSos":1,"isSosx":1,"variations":[],"themes":["Human Impacts"],"keywords":["History","Human Society","Natural Resources","Population","Population Density","Population Growth"],"categories":{"People":["Demographics","History"]},"ngss":{"crossCuttingConcepts":[],"disciplinaryCoreIdeas":[],"sciEngPractices":[]}}]